Manufacturing Technology Journal - Latest articles
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Surface Treatment of Nylon Filters with Thin Layers of Ti, Cu, and Zr Metals and AgCu Alloys using PVD Magnetron Sputtering Technology
Anna Krobotová, Totka Bakalova, Michal Krafka, Magdalena Mrózek, Lucie Svobodová, Pavel Kejzlar, Blanka Tomková
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):348-356 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.045 
The development and characterizing of thin layers of AgCu, Cu, Ti, and Zr on nylon filters using PVD magnetron sputtering technology was conducted. The evaluation of these thin layers was mainly focused on characterizing specific parameters that may influence the expected functionality of the modified filter materials. The surface treatment of nylon filters with thin layers does not significantly affect the mechanical properties of the original nylon material. Thin layers deposited at a power of 0.9 kW exhibited greater thickness and lower static friction coefficient values than the layers deposited at 0.4 kW, except for a thin layer of the element...
Analysis of the Influence of Preparation Technology on the Structure and Properties of the CuZn10 Alloy
Anna Knaislová, Jakub Kabrle
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):318-330 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.044
The CuZn10 alloy, a prominent brass variant known for its excellent cold formability, corrosion resistance, and suitability for various cold forming processes such as bending and stamping, finds widespread application across numerous industries. Optimizing its performance for specific industrial demands necessitates a thorough understanding of how different preparation technologies influence its intrinsic properties. This study provides a comprehensive examination into the impact of various processing routes on both the structural evolution and mechanical characteristics of deep-drawing CuZn10 brass. Utilizing advanced analytical techniques, including...
Frequency Dependence of Glass Transition Temperature of Thermoplastics in DMA Analysis
Marcel Kohutiar, Zbyněk Studený, Michal Krbata, Milan Jus, Pavol Mikuš, Ingrid Kovaříková
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):341-347 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.043
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of oscillatory loading frequency on the dynamic-mechanical properties of 3D printed thermoplastics, namely acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), and polylactide, also known as polylactic acid (PLA). The investigated samples were manufactured using fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology and tested at different oscillation frequencies (1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Hz). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated that an increase in the oscillation frequency causes an increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) for all analyzed materials, while...
Effect of Brass Solder Composition on Quality in Laser Welding of Solar Panel Busbar
Wei Xiaohua, Zheng Mingliang
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):424-430 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.042
In order to reveal the action mechanism of different brass solder compositions on the microstructure of weld joints in unleaded-tin-coated coppers brazing-stitch welding, the laser welding process of solar panel busbar was studied by using three different coated brass solders: Sn-37Bi-3Ag, Sn-42Bi-3Ag and Sn-47Bi-3Ag. Scanning electron microscope, energy spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, tensile testing machine and Vickers microhardness tester were used to test and analyze the influence of Bi element content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of weld joints in solar panel busbar brazing-stitch welding. The results show that: (1) With...
Process Prediction and Force Measurement of Hot Rolling Process for 6061 Aluminum Alloy Wire
Jinn-Jong Sheu, En-Hsuan Chien
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):383-395 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.041
This study examines the two-pass hot rolling process of 6061 aluminum alloy wire, focusing on forming load measurement to evaluate process stability and its effects on dimensional accuracy and mechanical property uniformity. Using response surface methodology (RSM), process parameters and forming loads were analyzed to assess their influence on mechanical property distribution and verify the applicability of load measurement in process quality evaluation. A full-factorial finite element simulation was conducted to investigate the effects of pre-forming section reduction rate, material temperature, roll speed, and friction coefficient. Experimental...
Features of Locomotive Adhesive Mass Utilization in a Braking Mode
Stanislav Semenov, Evgeny Mikhailov, Oleksandr Spivak, Ján Dižo, Miroslav Blatnický, Martin Bučko
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):374-382 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.040
The magnitude of a locomotive's traction and braking forces is directly related to its adhesive mass, which largely determines its tractive and braking characteristics. Therefore, an important task is to maximize the utilization of the locomotive's adhesive mass. The degree of adhesive mass utilization is determined by more factors and is quantitatively characterized by the Adhesive Mass Utilization Coeffi-cient (AMUC). One of the ways to increase the AMUC is to improve the locomotive's lever-type brake transmission. In braking mode, it interacts with the wheelsets and the bogie frame and may block the operation of the first stage of the suspension...
Thermal Analysis of Micro Plasma Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Deposition Process
Siti Khairiyah Sulaiman, Mohd Rizal Alkahari, Mohd Juzaila Abd Latif, Yupiter Harangan Prasada Manurung, Keval Priapratama Prajadhiana
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):396-404 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.039
Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly developing with emerging technology of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process due to its ability to manufacture large components and high deposition rate. However, WAAM faces mechanical properties problems like porosity, distortion, and strength due to the large heat affected zone (HAZ) from commonly used heat sources such as metal inert gas (MIG) and tungsten inert gas (TIG). Utilization of micro plasma as the heat source should reduce this problem since it has a smaller heat source diameter. Therefore, this study investigates the thermal distribution of micro plasma wire arc additive manufacturing (MPWAAM)...
Effect of Thermal Ageing on Changes in Modulus of Elasticity E Measured by Ultrasound, Bending Test and EBSD
Jana Vesela, Petr Beneš, David Bricín
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):405-412 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.038
The materials used in VVER nuclear power plants are subject to thermal ageing in operation, among other degradation mechanisms. The aim of the experiment was to verify the effect of thermal ageing on the change of ultrasound velocity on the extracted parts of main circulation piping and pressurizer surge line made of austenitic steels. Two steel conditions were evaluated, as received and thermally aged. The research was carried out on samples made from non-operated pipelines and samples from pipelines after 28 years of operation. The samples were subjected to thermal ageing at 450 °C in an atmospheric furnace with a specified exposure time to simulate...
Influence of Surface Preparation on XRD Peak Parameters and Residual Stress Measurements
Pavel Salvetr, Aleksandr Gokhman, Jan Drahokoupil
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):357-365 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.037
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is an analytical technique used to investigate the crystal structure properties of materials. However, the accuracy of XRD measurements can be significantly affected by the sam-ple's surface preparation. This study evaluates the impact of various surface preparation methods on the diffraction peak characteristics, phase composition, and residual stress analysis of two metallic materials: very low alloyed iron-based alloy labelled as pure iron and hardened 54SiCr6 steel. Various final steps of metalographic preparation of the surface for XRD were used, including mechanical grinding with coarse (P120) and fine (P1200) sandpapers,...
Titanium Alloy Turning Machining Model and Quality Analysis Based on Finite Element Analysis
Zhenhua Wang, Haifang Yin
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):413-423 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.036
Workpiece fabrication of titanium alloy is widely used in several high-end fields. In this study, finite element analysis of titanium alloy turning process is carried out and the turning process is modeled by using material properties and intrinsic equations. Then the power transmission of centerless lathe is controlled in the machining process, so as to obtain the performance calculation of different process parameters on cutting force, chips, and residual stress. The analysis of the simulation and experimental data yielded that when the tool travel speed was 1 m/min, the radial force increased to a maximum value of 150N. When the depth of cut was...
The Effect of Annealing Conditions on Copper's Brittleness and Powder Production Efficiency
Falah Mustafa Al- Saraireh
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):366-373 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.035
Recycling copper wire to produce the correct copper powder extends the environmentally friendly alternative to traditional refining techniques. That exploration research uses different annealed envi-ronments to regulate the embrittlement and ease of the crunch of the copper wire, with a particular focus on the variations in temperature and the consequences of the atmosphere. The study included heat conductor copper wire in the wind and a synthesis gas mixture (40 % H2, 60 % N2) within a tem-perature range of 250 °C to 850 °C with a duration of either 30 or 60 minutes. Several trials were carried out to measure the influence of the treatment, including...
Analysis and Optimization of Horizontal Centrifugal Casting Process for Thick Walled Alloy Layers in Tilting Pad Bearings
Ye Jun, Jin Jing, Wang Guobiao, Xu Zhaohui, Guo Huangsha
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):307-317 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.034
The optimization of process parameters plays a critical role in controlling temperature and velocity fields during centrifugal casting, which is essential for mitigating shrinkage porosity defects caused by uneven cooling in thick walled bearing alloy layers. In this study, two sequential numerical models were devel-oped using ProCAST software to simulate gravity filling and centrifugal solidification stages. The effects of key parameters, including inlet cross-sectional area and centrifugal rotational speed, on flow field characteristics were systematically analyzed. By using an orthogonal experimental design, we deter-mined the optimal parameters:...
Comparison of Bearing Surface Quality Parameters for Wind Turbines
Mariana Janeková, Daniela Koštialiková, Dana Bakošová, Andrej Dubec, Alžbeta Bakošová, Jana Králiková
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):297-306 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.033
The thesis deals with the surface treatments of bearing steel processed for wind turbines, on which the quality parameters of the surface treatments performed were compared. This is blackening, which is a method of surface treatment that allows the protection of the base material from the negative effects of external influences, in particular from moisture and associated corrosion. The application of surface treatment by blackening contributes to a better and more efficient start-up of the bearing in service. In the experimental part, the individual results of the structural analysis carried out for all types of materials investigated are evaluated,...
Quality Prediction of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron for Machine Tool Parts
Jan Bredl
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):287-296 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.032
Today, considerable attention is paid to the production of solid castings (approx. 2000 kg) from cast iron with spheroidal graphite. The metallurgical preparation of large quantities of melt is very difficult. This difficulty is related not only to the melting and preparation of large quantities of melt, but above all to its metallurgical treatment - inoculation and modification. Melt modification ensures the production of cast iron with spheroidal graphite. Material castings, such as machine tool components, cannot be destroyed to determine the quality of the cast iron produced. Therefore, this paper outlines a methodology to proceed in determining...
Methodology for Comprehensive Testing and Optimization of Gears for Torsional Strength
Paweł Knast, Jana Petrů, Stanislaw Legutko, Lubomir Soos, Marcela Pokusova, Przemysław Borecki
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):331-340 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.031
The article described a new methodology for testing the torsional resistance of a single-stage gear transmission used in agricultural machinery. The analysis encompassed the entire mechanical system rather than focusing solely on its individual components. The research identified three key ranges of structural resistance. The first range, with twist angles from 0° to 1.85° and torques up to 1050 Nm, was associated with the elimination of structural play and the alignment of contact surfaces. The second range, from 1.85° to 4.76° and torques up to 3450 Nm, confirmed the resilient behavior of the gearbox according to Hooke's law. In this range, the system...
Milling Performance of Selective Laser Melted Ti6Al4V: A Taguchi Approach for Surface Roughness Optimization
Ikhsan Siregar, Juri Saedon, Mohd Shahriman Adenan
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):230-238 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.030
Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V fabricated using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) has gained significant attention in biomedical and aerospace applications due to its superior mechanical properties and design flexibility. However, its machining characteristics, particularly in milling, remain challenging due to the material's hardness and thermal conductivity. This study investigates the milling performance of SLM-manufactured Ti6Al4V by optimizing surface roughness using the Taguchi method. An L9 orthogonal array was employed, considering spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut as control factors. Surface roughness measurements were analyzed using Signal-to-Noise...
Research on Gradient Temperature Rolling Process and Deformation Uniformity of 10Ni5CrMoV Heavy Plate
Weiwei Wang, Baoshan Wang, Hongliang Zhang
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):265-272 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.029
In order to solve the problem of heterogeneous deformation in the rolling process of 10Ni5CrMoV heavy plate, the effects of uniform temperature rolling (UTR) and graded temperature rolling (GTR) on the microstructure and deformation uniformity of 10Ni5CrMoV steel were studied by means of numerical simulation and verification experiment, and the strengthening mechanism of high permeability rolling process on the rolling deformation of 10Ni5CrMoV heavy steel was clarified. The results show that compared with the uniform temperature rolling process(UTR), different gradient temperature rolling processes (GTR) make the deformation area gradually expand...
A Synthetic Geometric Performance Index for Parts Manufactured by VAT Photopolymerization
Valentina Vendittoli, Wilma Polini, Walter Michael Simon Josef, Giovanni Moroni
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):244-251 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.028
Geometric deviations play a crucial role in the quality of additive manufacturing, particularly in parts made with biodegradable resins. Accurately controlling dimensional and geometric variations in manufactured components is critical for achieving defect-free production and meeting functional standards. However, defining a final quality score can be challenging due to numerous dimensional and geometric deviations associated with a part. An innovative metric for evaluating geometric performance was created to measure dimensional precision in components produced through VAT photopolymerization. The index measures the dimensional and geometrical deviations,...
Study on the Effect of Aging Treatment on the Microtexture and Mechanical Properties of 6111 Aluminum Alloy
Jiechen Li, Yongqiang Pan, Quan Kang, Zhi Jia
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):215-221 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.026
The effects of aging treatment temperature of 250°C on microstructure, mechanical properties characteristics of 6111 aluminum alloy sheet were investigated by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and other analytical methods. The results show that the aging treatment temperature has a significant effect on the yield strength of cold rolled 6111 aluminum alloy, and appropriate heat treatment can significantly improve the work-hardening properties of rolled 6111 aluminum alloy. The rolled sheet without heat treatment aging shows the highest strength values, with the yield strength reaching 140.2 MPa and the...
Process Optimisation for Orthogonal Testing of Shot Peening Based on Secondary Development of ABAQUS
Anheng Wang, Shangqi Duan, Wei Zhang, Fan Li
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):252-264 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.027
This study centers on 7B50 aluminium alloy. The intention is to reduce the pre-treatment and post-treatment times of the shot peening model. By comparing and analyzing different process parameters, the best combination of peening solutions can be obtained. The pre-processing is implemented through a GUI interactive interface. Post-processing is carried out by using Python for secondary development in ABAQUS. Orthogonal test method is employed for post-processing analysis of shot peening simulations under various process conditions. The results are evaluated by using a weighted composite scoring method to determine the depth of the residual compressive...
Possibilities of Evaluating the Quality of Products Produced by Directed Energy Deposition Technology
Petr Beneš, David Bricín, Denisa Janová
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):153-160 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.025
It is well known that the porosity of a product can have a negative effect on the mechanical properties of the product. For this reason, its control is very important. Porosity can be assessed by two methods - destructive and nondestructive inspection. However, the identification of very small pores is still very difficult for metallic materials, as the pore size may be below the resolution of most commonly used NDT techniques. In addition, different types of pores may be present in a single part, with one type usually dominating. Proper identification of porosity is essential to estimate the impact on structural properties. For pore assessment, as...
Measurement of Heat Transfer in a Sand Mould Foundry – Optimisation of Cooling Time for Cast Iron And Ductile Cast Iron Mass Castings
Jan Bredl
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):161-169 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.024
Cast iron with nodular graphite is one of the most important structural materials that exhibit really good mechanical properties already in the as-cast condition. Nowadays, cast iron with nodular graphite is used in many areas of the manufacturing industry, the most widespread being in the engineering and automotive industries. The applicability of this material for construction purposes is mainly due to its mechanical properties, which are close to those of steel, but the production cost of cast iron is lower. This experiment was aimed at optimizing the production of ductile iron castings in the casting pits so that the foundry could produce ductile...
Diagnostics of Milling Head Using Acoustic Emission
Paweł Piórkowski, Andrzej Roszkowski, Zofia Szabla
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):222-229 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.023
Monitoring and diagnostics of cutting tools are crucial for ensuring production efficiency and product quality in the machining industry. This study uses acoustic emission (AE) to non-invasively detect damage and monitor tool condition in real time. Experiments assessed cutting inserts in a milling head, both used and new. Results showed AE effectively diagnoses tool wear, with significant differences in signals from worn and new inserts. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis determined the frequency range of signals during machining, confirming AE's usefulness. Microscope verification supported the AE findings on tool wear. This research highlights...
SEM Analysis of Surface Layers with Variable Ra Parameters for Tribological Optimization in Design Engineering
Paweł Knast, Jana Petrů, Stanislaw Legutko, Lubomir Soos, Marcela Pokusova
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):185-201 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.022
In this study, the microstructure of surface layers with varying roughness (Ra parameters) was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to optimize tribological properties in engineering design. SEM revealed key microstructural features – sharp and mild protrusions, pitting, microcracks and contaminants – that were not available in traditional profilometry. Reducing the Ra value improved surface uniformity by reducing irregularities and defect lengths, which had a positive effect on tribological properties and surface durability. However, defects were still present even at Ra < 1.25 μm, indicating the "Law of Microstructural...
Exploration of Physical Characteristics, Mechanical Strength, and Wear Resistance of Bronze Fiber-Reinforced Brake Pads
G. Sai Krishnan, M. Vanitha, Robert Čep, SP Samal, Jan Blata
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):209-214 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.021
This research focused on the production of brake pads reinforced with bronze fibers to see the anticipated performance principles for braking systems. Three unique amalgamated formulations, labeled BRZ-I, BRZ-II, and BRZ-III, were set by varying the bronze fiber content to 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight. The tribological characteristics of these composites were systematically evaluated to determine their effectiveness. Traditional manufacturing processes were used in developing the brake pad. Various properties such as physical, chemical, mechanical and tribological possessions were assessed by means of chase test rig. Worn-superficial examination stayed...
Modeling Method and Simulation of Crushing Process of Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher Based on Cumulative Damage Model
Canhui Wu, Limei Zhao, Song Li
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):273-285 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.020
In a vertical impact crusher, material particles undergo multiple impact collisions and eventually break due to accumulated damage. In order to further study the crushing mechanism of the crusher, a cumulative damage model of material particles under re-peated impact was established. Firstly, a crushing model is established based on the specific fracture energy, reflecting material particles' cumulative damage and crushing process. Then, the simulation model of the crushing system of the vertical shaft impact crusher is established. And by simulating the crushing process of limestone particles in a crusher, it reveals that the crushing of particles...
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of PLA Produced by FFF Additive Manufacturing Technology after DCSBD Plasma Treatment
Marcel Kohutiar, Róbert Janík, Michal Krbata, Jozef Jaroslav Fekiač, Lucia Kakošová, Pavol Mikuš
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):202-208 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.019
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is an important method for evaluating the viscoelastic properties of polymeric materials, especially when investigating their mechanical response to various manufacturing parameters and surface treatments. In recent years, DMA analysis has been intensively used, among others, for the analysis of polylactide (PLA) produced by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive technology. The present study focuses on the effect of DCSBD plasma treatment on the dynamic-mechanical properties of PLA samples with different infill geometries (Line, Rectilinear and Concentric). In the study, experimental PLA samples were subjected...
Analysis the Load of the Gantry Crane during Travelling along the Crane Track Using Working Model 3D
Ján Vavro, Ján Vavro jr., Ľuboš Marček, Jana Kuricová, Miloš Taraba, Lukáš Klimek, Pavol Čerňava
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):239-243 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.018
The paper presents the analysis of the gantry crane loading when driving along the crane track, using a Working model 3D, for which the analysis of the gantry crane frame loading was performed. The gantry crane is designed to remove dirt in front of the turbine under the water surface. For the gantry crane which moves along a track, the directional and vertical unevennesses were determined by experiment and are given in graphic and numerical form in (mm), relating to A track and B track with a total track length of 450 (m). Based on the knowledge of the unevenness of the rail track, the four random functional dependencies defining the irregularities...
Demonstration of Neural Network in Prediction of Bearing Lifetime
Eliška Cézová
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):170-173 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.017
The topic of this paper is the application of machine learning and neural networks in engineering, specifically in the prediction of the lifetime of bearings operating in different conditions. In addition, the basics of machine learning are introduced, giving an idea of the importance of input data quality for model training. It also presents the elements of neural network training to be used in other projects. The article is supplemented by a source code examples written using only the Python language, and some other popular libraries, like the NumPy, Matplotlib, Tensorflow, Keras, and Scikit-learn. The main advantage of the libraries used is that...
Experimental Measurement and Testing of 3D Printed Parts in Terms of the Material Used
Alexandr Fales, Vít Černohlávek, Marcin Suszynski, Jan Štěrba, Tomáš Zdráhal, David Nocar
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):174-184 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.016
As part of my research work, in its practical part, I deal with the selection of suitable 3D printing pa-rameters for parts of a robotic kit, as well as the selection of a 3D printer and the determination of a set of experimental measurements and testing in order to obtain the necessary data to determine a suitable filament material for 3D printing of a part of a robotic kit and setting the appropriate 3D printing parameters to obtain the desired mechanical properties of the parts while maintaining the economic benefits of 3D printing. The main aspects for choosing a filament material are printability in primary and secondary school conditions, easy...