Manufacturing Technology Journal - Latest articles
Results 181 to 210 of 264:
Surface Defect Detection Method for Welding Robot Workpiece Based on Machine Vision Technology
Yun Shi, Yan-yan Zhu, Jun-qi Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):691-699 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.100 
With the development of welding technology and the improvement of automation level, welding robots are playing an increasingly important role in industrial production. However, during the welding process, due to factors such as material characteristics, welding parameters, or improper processes, defects may appear on the surface of the workpiece, which may reduce the quality and service life of the workpiece. In order to solve this problem, this article used frequency domain feature extraction and nearest neighbor classifier in workpiece detection algorithms under machine vision technology to extract and classify surface defect images of workpiece,...
Design of a Photoelectric Measuring Robot for Straightness of Deep/Blind Hole with Automatic Centering Function
Haifeng Zhao
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):739-749 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.098
In order to quickly measure the straightness parameters of the deep hole/blind hole axis, a robot for measuring the straightness of the deep hole/blind hole axis based on the photoelectric prin-ciple is designed. Using the linearity of the laser as a reference, the straightness of the inner hole can be detected through the function that the PSD sensor can accurately locate the position of the energy center of the light. By studying the relationship between the position of the light spot and the output voltage of the PSD device, the measurement model of the straightness of the deep hole axis is derived. During the measurement, the robot spiral driving...
Lithium Battery SOC Estimation Based on EKF-DEKF Composite Model
Shaohua Chen, Wei Kan, Yichen Yang, Shuyang Liu, Miaomiao Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):613-622 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.093
According to the application requirements of SOC in lithium batteries of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), an Extended Kalman filter-Double Kalman filter (EKF-DKF) composite model was proposed to optimize the accuracy of the last 20% stage of State of Charge(SOC) estimation. Based on the equivalent model of second-order resistance-capacitance (RC) circuit improvement, the developed method optimized the identification accuracy of parameters, and set up a MATLAB simulation platform to jointly estimate SOC online with EKF and DKF. The data obtained in laboratory test environment were used for simulation.
Austenitic Steel AISI 304 under Static and Cyclic Loading
Veronika Chvalníková, Milan Uhríčik, Peter Palček, Martin Slezák, Lukáš Šikyňa, Petra Drimalová
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):623-629 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.086
Austenitic steels are among the most widely used materials in industries such as automotive, food, energy, chemical, etc. They are mainly used due to properties such as corrosion resistance, good strength, hardness, or weldability. Microstructural analysis was performed on a light microscope Neo-phot 32. AISI 304 austenitic steel has a microstructure formed by a large number of polyhedral austenite grains of different sizes. The steel microstructure, mechanical and fatigue properties, and areas of the plastic zone after the bending impact test were investigated. The surface hardness of samples was measured on a Zwick Roell ZHVμ microhardness measuring...
Possibilities of Restoring the Plasticity of Operationally Degraded Steel EN ISO 14MoV6-3
Petr Beneš, Tomáš Vrána, David Bricín, Antonín Kříž
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):604-612 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.081
The article deals with the possibility of increasing mechanical and utility properties by means of regenerative heat treatment. Experimental program is focused on the heat treatment of low-alloy heat-resistant steel EN ISO 14MoV6-3. This steel has been used since the 1970s for high-temperature exposed components in practically all coal-fired thermal power plants in the Czech Republic. Thus, steel EN ISO 14MoV6-3 is currently the best studied refractory material whose data, collected from experimental creep behaviour tests, exceeds the computational service time 2.105 hours. In order to remain competitive in the new energy mix, conventional steam power...
Determination of the Effect of Deformation on the Corrosion Resistance of Zn-Al-Mg Coated Sheets
Martin Švec, Iva Nováková, Pavel Solfronk
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):709-716 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.080
In the automotive industry, deep-drawn sheet metals are widely used and protective coatings are ap-plied to its surfaces to improve certain performance properties (e.g. to increase corrosion resistance). Sheets with these coatings are stressed during the forming process of the part and cracking of the protective coating may occur. The main goal of this paper is to determine the resistance of a Zn-Al-Mg based protective coating to uniaxial and triaxial stresses, and also to determine how effective anticorrosion resistance the coating provides to the base steel matrix in the event that cracking occurs. It has been shown that both uniaxial and triaxial...
The Effect of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Content on the Properties of Polyurethane Nanocomposite
Dana Bakošová, Alžbeta Bakošová
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):580-588 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.079
This study aimed to investigate the influence of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) content on the mechanical properties of polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites. The SWCNT content varied from 0 wt% (reference sample) to 2 wt%. Tensile, hardness and Charpy impact tests as well as dynamic me-chanical analysis (DMA) were performed. Based on the test results it was observed that an increase in the content of single-wall carbon nanotubes resulted in significant improvements in material strength and stiffness. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to examine microsurface to-pography of the samples and to obtain spectroscopic curves, based on which...
Microscopic Wear Analysis of Indexable Inserts after Machining of 34CrNiMo6 Steel
Nataša Náprstková, Karel Šramhauser, Iryna Hren, Jan Novotný, Jan Sviantek
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):676-684 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.077
Machining is an important part of the manufacturing process in the engineering field. Turning is one of these areas. At present, almost exclusively exchangeable cutting inserts are used in production machining. The article describes the research in the field of their wear, where the electron microscopy was used to evaluate the results. Electron microscopy is a very important aid in research in many are-as not only of human activity and also is the important aid in the field of mechanical engineering and manufacturing technologies. The results thus obtained can make in a given area it clearer and better document the resulting situation. Within the experiments,...
Predictive Modelling on Machining Performance of ECDM Using Artificial Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization
Nuraini Lusi, Anggra Fiveriati, Akhmad Afandi, I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Catra Wedarma, Herman Yuliandoko, Mahros Darsin, Syed Qutaba
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):649-662 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.076
The electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) process is developing into a potentially useful method of performing micromachining in conductive or non-conductive materials. The materials are machined using a combination of chemical and thermal energy. This paper examines the effect of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) architectures combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) on the predictive ability of tungsten carbide machining. Material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) is the response used to evaluate the performance of the ECDM process. The four selected process parameters are voltage, gap width, electrode type, and type of electrolyte,...
The Mechanical Analyses and Structural Optimization of CSMC Preload System under Multi-load Cases
Xianewei Wang, Haikuo Zhao, Fei Xie, Chenyang Li, Xiulian Li
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):732-738 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.075
In order to accumulate experience in the design and manufacturing of the toroidal field coils for the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor, a model coil of mixed Nb3Sn-NbTi superconducting magnet with a maximum magnetic field variation rate of 1.5 T/s has been developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The preload system, as one of the key components of the model coil, plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall integrity and stability of the model coil. First the magnetic field and electromagnetic forces of the model coil under extreme conditions are calculated based on Maxwell's equations. Then, the mechanical...
Kinematic Parameters of the Biplanetary Mechanism (Intermittent Mixing Machines)
Erkin Nematov, Amon Berdiev, Peng Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):685-690 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.073
The subject of research is the kinematic parameters of a biplanetary mechanism of the intermitted mixing machines. The article substantiates analytical expressions for determining the kinematic parameters of the drives of the working body of the intermitted mixing machines with planetary ones with double satellites and biplanetary mechanisms; the laws of change of displacements, velocities and accelerations of the points of the working body for drives with planetary one with double satellites and biplanetary mechanisms are determined; the regularities of the influence of the velocity parameters of the driving links on the kinematic characteristics...
Optimizing Shock Absorber Operation for Improved Hot Forging Efficiency
Artur Meller, Marcin Suszyński, Stanisław Legutko, Marek Trączyński, Adrian Mróz, Vit Cernohlavek
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):663-669 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.074
Article presents a novel approach to addressing the challenge of forge-free filling of gas cylinder valve knobs in the context of the pneumatic shock absorber utilized within elevator systems. The shock absorber is a critical component responsible for ensuring accurate and efficient transportation of charge material to the electric inductor of automatic hot forging presses. Precise control of the shock absorber's operation is essential for maintaining proper system functionality and minimizing deficiencies. To investigate the system's response to changes in shock absorber operating parameters, the authors conducted a comprehensive simulation. The simulation...
Design of an Injection Mould Utilizing Experimental Measurements and Reverse Engineering
Vladimír Bechný, Miroslav Matuš, Richard Joch, Mário Drbúl, Jozef Holubják, Andrej Czán, Michal Šajgalík, Jaromír Markovič
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):597-603 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.072
Casting with a disposable pattern is a method employed to produce intricate-shaped castings. This manufacturing technique falls into the near-net shape methods category, which ensures that the result-ing castings closely resemble the final components. Its primary application lies in industries where pre-cision and complex castings are of paramount importance. Typically, castings manufactured using this method utilize higher-cost materials. The focus of this study centres on the utilization of reverse engi-neering in the production, modification, and inspection of wax injection moulds during the casting pro-cess. Within the scope of this investigation,...
Characteristics of Coconut Fibre Combined with Vinyl Ester Composites Through Material Testing and Machining
Muhammad Wafiuddin Suhami, Norfariza Ab Wahab, H. Boejang, Khairum Hamzah, Hiroyuki Sasahara
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):700-708 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.071
In today's manufacturing industry, composites are widely used. This is primarily due to the highly variable material properties that can be obtained by combining various materials as reinforcements and matrices. However, modern environmental concerns have pushed researchers and engineers to seek materials from organic and renewable sources. The study will look into composite surface roughness during the cutting process, which will involve milling with a CNC router machine. A portable surface roughness tester will be used to obtain a surface roughness average (Ra) reading, and microscopes will be used to examine the composite surface roughness behaviour...
Head Impacts during the Direct Frontal (Forehead) and Side (Temple) Collision – Human vs. Hybrid III Dummy
Lubos Tomsovsky, Lucie Literova, Petr Kubovy, Frantisek Lopot, Martin Havlicek, Ondrej Stocek, Lukas Fara, Roman Jezdik, Hynek Purs, Tommi Tikkanen, Martin Novak, Karel Jelen
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):717-724 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.048
The paper is focused on the dynamic response of a Hybrid III crash-test dummy during low-severity frontal (forehead) and side (temple) head impacts. The measurements used a pedestrian dummy (Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy, Jasti Co., ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and a unique pendulum impact testing machine (impactor) of own design and construction. The tests were conducted at two various impact intensities (velocities) that did not exceed the speed of 1.6 m.s-1. The primary outcome variable was a resultant magnitude of acceleration measured on the vertex of the dummy’s head and the results were compared to 11 human volunteers. The goal...
Analysis of the Coating Delamination after Laser Beam Cutting
Anna Mičietová, Miroslav Neslušan, Zuzana Florková, Mária Čilliková
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):670-675 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.070
This paper analyses surface after laser beam machining with respect of surface height irregularities, residual stress state as well as microstructure on the low alloyed steel S 235. Surface after laser beam machining is investigated due to its specific nature resulting into coating delamination. This coating delamination can be found especially in the regions in which component shape or/and curvature of the profile is altered. Especially the components corners suffer from the delamination due to exten-sive surface heating and presence of brittle oxides layer. The thickness of this oxides layer is hetero-geneous with respect of the component thickness...
The Influence of Industrial-Scale Pack-Boroding Process Time on Thickness and Phase Composition of Selected Cold-Work Tool Steels
Jakub Jopek, Marek Góral, Barbara Koscielniak, Kamil Ochal, Marcin Drajewicz, Magdalena Mokrzycka, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Kamil Dychton, Kamil Gancarczyk, Andrzej Gradzik, Pawel Kwasniewski, Wojciech Gluchowski
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):630-637 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.069
The boride coatings are characterized by attractive set of properties such as high hardness and wear resistance, corrosion resistance in higher temperatures and no wettability by liquid metals like alumi-num and zinc. This type of coating might be used for manufacturing of different parts from tool steels. In present article the influence of pack boriding time (2,4,6h) on microstructure and phase composition of obtained coatings is scrutinized. The pack boriding process was conducted on two groups of cold work tool steels: low-Cr content: 145Cr6, 90MnCrV8, 60WCrV8 and high-Cr content: X165CrV12, X153CrMoV12. The commercial boriding pack Ekabor 2 was...
The Influence of Accelerated Electron Irradiation on the Change of Tribological Behavior of Polymeric Materials PET, PTFE & PE2000C
Lenka Bartosova, Marcel Kohutiar, Michal Krbata, Jana Escherova, Maros Eckert, Milan Jus
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):589-596 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.068
The presented work deals with the study of the effect of increasing the doses of irradiation by accel-erated electrons on the sliding properties of polymer materials. Due to the influence of radiation, sur-face roughness changes occur on the surface of the experimental materials, which lead to changes in the properties of the coefficient of friction on the selected polymer materials. Three types of polymer materials PET, PTFE and PE2000C were used for the experimental research, which, due to their properties, are used for different types of sliding products. A steel ball of G40 material was used as a pressure material, which moved along a linear path...
Structural and Fractographic Analysis of Aluminum Alloy before and after Fatigue Loading
Milan Uhríčik, Peter Palček, Mária Chalupová, Lenka Kuchariková, Lucia Pastierovičová, Denisa Medvecká, Lenka Markovičová, Róbert Balšianka, Alan Vaško
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):725-731 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.067
The article deals with the analysis of the structure and fracture surface of aluminum alloy samples. Alu-minum alloy AlMg9 was used as an experimental material. The material from which the samples were made was supplied as cast without heat treatment, and specifically the material was produced by the continuous casting method. The structure of the test material was examined using a Neophot 32 optical microscope, and the fracture surface of the test sample was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fatigue life of the aluminum alloy was tested by three-point bending cyclic loading using the parameters - frequency f = 100 Hz, temperature...
Exploration and Realization about Teaching Experimental of CNC Machine Tool Based on Virtual Simulation Technology
Lifu Liu, Wei Li, Xuerui Chen
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):485-494 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.066
In order to cultivate students' professional skills and enhance students' practical ability, this paper proposes to create a virtual simulation experiment system of NC machine tool based on SolidWorks software platform, taking vertical machining center as the research object, which is integrated by three modules of NC machine tool structure, machine tool operation and machine tool processing. Firstly, the detailed assembly relationship of each subsystem of the machine tool, the assembly rela-tionship of the overall equipment and the system composition are displayed intuitively by 3D modeling, so that students can understand the 3D modeling method and...
Research on Floating Point Accumulation Based on Improved Kahan Algorithm
Chunling Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):551-556 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.065
In the actual factory production, there are often cases of liquid flow accumulation, and most of the controllers used in the project are PLC. Usually, the flow meter is used to measure the instantaneous flow, and then the analog (4-20mA) signal is transmitted to the PLC, and the PLC accumulates the cumulative flow within a certain period of time according to the instantaneous flow transmitted by the flow meter. Due to the floating point type of PLC, the direct accumulation will not reach the accuracy standard, and the cumulative error will occur. In order to eliminate the cumulative error, this paper proposes an improved algorithm based on Kahan 's...
Mapping and Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance of Mobile Robot Based on ROS Platform
Peng Qian, Naijia Xu, Cunlong Fu, Shudong Deng
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):504-512 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.064
With the progress of science and technology and the continuous development of robot technology, the performance and intelligence of robots are also constantly improving. It has been widely used in many fields such as life service, military, industrial production and so on. Among them, autonomous mobile is an important embodiment of intelligence. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of robot real-time positioning and map building (SLAM). SLAM is the abbreviation of Simultaneous localization and mapping, which means "synchronous localization and mapping". It is mainly used to solve the problem of localization and mapping when robots move in...
Effect of Milling Parameters on the Surface Roughness of SiCp/Al Materials
Liang Wang, Yongqiang Pan, Xiaoxin Zhu
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):545-550 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.063
The presence of reinforcing particles SiCp seriously affects the cutting surface quality of SiCp/Al materials.In this study, different machining parameters were tested to obtain good surface quality, and the surface quality of SiCp/Al alloy material under different milling parameters was studied by using the surface profilometer and scanning electron microscope to explore the effect of cutting pa-rameters on surface quality. The results showed that the Surface roughness value increased with the increase of feed rate and milling speed, and milling speed was the dominant factor in the microstruc-ture evolution of the machined surface. In addition, an...
Analysis of Cutting Forces with Application of the Discrete Wavelet Transform in Titanium Ti6Al4V Turning
Paweł Karolczak
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):449-460 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.062
The paper presents the possibilities of using the wavelet transform to filter the cutting force signal. Tests were carried out by dry turning on the Ti6Al4V alloy with variable cutting parameters. Four blades with different nose geometry and coatings were used. From the recorded waveforms, the mean values of the force component Fc and the load stability coefficient were calculated. The measured force waveforms were filtered with Daubechies 4 (db4) and Daubechies 6 (db6) wavelets. From the ratio of the load stabil-ity after filtration to the load stability before filtration, the noise and disturbance values generated during the turning of the tested...
Possibilities for Improvement of Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Medium-Carbon SiCr Steels
Pavel Salvetr, Jakub Kotous, Črtomir Donik, Aleksandr Gokhman, Zbyšek Nový
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):525-531 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.061
The 54SiCr6 high-strength low-alloyed steel with medium carbon content is studied in this work. Its excellent mechanical properties allow a wide range of applications as springs and vibration dampers. The high strength is usually achieved during heat treatment consisting of quenching and tempering. This manuscript represents several methods to further increase in mechanical properties. Firstly, the influence of microstructure before quenching and tempering was studied and enhanced plastic prop-erties were measured. Secondly, a thermomechanical treatment before quenching increased the strength. Finally, the use of strain assisted tempering caused a...
Research on Viewpoint Planning Method for Multi-view Image 3D Reconstruction
Yun Shi, Yanyan Zhu
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):532-537 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.060
A model-based viewpoint planning and filtering method is proposed to determine the position and pose of viewpoints in 3D reconstruction of multi-view images. The method first determines the necessary parameters to control the camera position and attitude. Second, the mathematical error model is developed and combined with stereo overlap to guide viewpoint selection. According to the shooting distance, a dense candidate view area is then established, the subview collection is screened, & a view supplement scheme is proposed for the area where the candidate view cannot be shot, improving the integrity of the resulting data. Experimental results demonstrate...
Exploration of Key Technologies of Intelligent Inspection Robots in the Application of Automatic Energy Meter Verification Line
Xurong Jin, Xinrui Zhang, Zhiqiang Cheng, Yunpeng Li, Bo Fan, Xu Chen, Xiangwei Wang, Mingqiang Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):426-435 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.059
There are many drawbacks and inconveniences in the application of human power in the energy meter calibration line. In order to achieve a standardized level of operation and to improve the efficiency and quality of the automated meter testing line, this paper applies the intelligent inspection robot to the automated meter testing line and discusses the key technologies involved. Based on the texture characteristics of the screws on the energy meter cover, a screw coordinate positioning method based on the texture center of gravity method is designed as a machine vision technique for intelligent inspection robots. Based on the feedforward controller...
Function Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Aero-engine VBV
Zhaorong Sun, Xu Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):538-544 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.058
Variable Bleed Valve (VBV) as the core component of aero-engine compressor air flow control, plays a vital role in eliminating the risk of booster stall during transient conditions, and is an important foundation to ensure the stable operation of engine and the flight safety of aircraft. In this paper, the VBV of a certain engine is studied to build its function model and carry out the system simulation analysis based on AMESIM. Secondly, the control system simulation model is established by using MATLAB and aircraft Quick Access Recorder (QAR) data. In combination with the function model and the control model, the working characteristic curve of VBV...
Assembly Sequence Intelligent Planning based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Wei Zhang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):557-563 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.056
Traditional assembly sequence solving methods often face problems such as combinatorial explosion and low efficiency in solving complex products with multiple parts. To improve the level of assembly sequence planning (ASP), an interference matrix is established to express the basic assembly information of a product. Taking the stability of the assembly sequence, the number of assembly direction changes, and the number of assembly tool changes as evaluation indicators, a fitness function is constructed. An improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) approach for ASP is developed based on the peculiarities of the ASP issue. Redefining particle positions,...
Devising a Multi-camera Motion Capture and Processing System for Production Plant Monitoring and Operator’s Training in Virtual Reality
Joanna Gąbka
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):399-417 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.057
The paper presents work aimed at building practical applications of virtual reality (VR) in manufacturing environments. It contains studies of the optical properties of cameras and lenses aimed at the selection of an optimal set (camera, adapter, lens) for the realization of recordings and video transmissions in stereoscopic format for VR. In response to the increasing trend in the number of applications of VR systems in the industry, works have been initiated with the purpose of building a system levelling image noise identified thus far as an obstacle to the effective utilization of VR in production systems. It was considered that picture error correction...