Manufacturing Technology Journal - Latest articles
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The Effect of Employing an Optimal Web Velocity Profile on Transverse Vibrations in Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing
Kadhim A. Jabbar
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(2):192-196 
The quality of web products is significantly affected by the running velocity of a process line, especially during the stages of start-up and shutting down of a web processing line. At these stages, a remarkable transverse variation (web flutter) are observed due to employing improper input velocity. Web flutter may cause some web defects such as wrinkles, poor printing and even web breakage. Therefore, employing an optimal web velocity profile is crucial to minimize web transverse vibrations during the transport of the web through different processing sections in a web process line. In this paper, an optimal velocity profile along with common velocity...
Research on Linkage Accuracy of "Baby Hanging Basket" Five-axis Precision Machine Tool
Yuanyuan Wu, Huiling An, Bo Li, Hua Zhang, Lai Hu
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(2):307-314
The "baby hanging basket" five-axis precision machine tool (BHBFPMT) studied in this study is mainly used to process open impeller and closed impeller in aerospace field. However, the linkage accuracy (LA) measurement of five-axis machine tool is one of the important detection means to ensure the tolerance requirements of precision parts. The mathematical model of linkage accuracy (LA) of "baby hanging basket" five-axis precision machine tool (BHBFPMT) was established. The accuracy of X, Y, Z, B and C axes was measured, respectively. Combined with the measurement results, a pulse compensation method was proposed to compensate the accuracy. The linkage...
Tribological Properties of 3D Printed Materials in Total Knee Endoprosthesis
Matus Varhanik, Josef Sedlak, Zbynek Studeny, Patricia Janigova, Felicita Chromjakova
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(2):294-306
The submitted paper deals with biotribological contact in total knee arthroplasty. The goal was to evaluate the influence of the metal component production technology on tribological parameters in defined environments. The reference sample was a standard available test ball made of the subject material, used in testing tribological properties by the "Ball on Pin" method. The preparation of the experiment consisted in the production of test disks from UHMWPE material and the production of a metal test component with a spherical surface. The condition of the experiment and the basis of this contribution is to compare the properties of conventionally...
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties AlSi7Mg Alloy with Sr, Al and AlSi7Mg
Tomasz Lipiński
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(2):227-234
Strength and malleability are important reasons for increasing applications of Al-Si alloys. Mechanical properties of Al-Si cast alloys depend not only on chemical composition but, more importantly, on microstructural features such as morphologies of dendritic α-rich in Al, eutectic β-rich in Si particles and other intermetallics that are present in the microstructure. The microstructure of an unmodified hypoeutectic AlSi7Mg alloy is responsible for the alloy's low strength parameters, and it limits the extent of practical applications. The mechanical properties of hypoeutectic silumins can be improved through chemical modification as well...
Design Method of Cam Five-bar Paper Picking Mechanism of Packaging Machine Based on Position and Orientation Constraints
Ming-rui Xue, Jun Ye, Hong-qian Hu
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(2):315-323
The work aims to present a design method of cam five-bar paper taking mechanism of packaging machine based on position and orientation constraints to better meet the position and orientation requirements of the end paper taking actuator in the high-speed paper picking process. At the first stage, according to the given ideal position and orientation requirements of the end paper taking actuator, the mathematical model of the five-bar mechanism satisfying the position and angle constraints is established by using the kinematic mapping theory, and two cams are used to constrain the two freedom of the five-bar mechanism to obtain the cam five-bar paper...
A Unique Numerical Model to Evaluate the Influence of Adherends’ Misalignment on Adhesive Joint Strength
Andrea Corrado, Wilma Polini
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(2):183-191
Industry 4.0 needs to have a digital representation of the real manufacturing and assembly processes to foresee the effects of modifications on equipment, tools and processes. Assembly processes often use adhesive to keep together the components because it has many advantages. The simplest example of adhesive assembly is a single lap joint. In the literature, the attention is focused on nominal adhesive assemblies, that do not represent the real products and that are tested to evaluate the product’s strength. Therefore, the obtained mechanical performances are far from those connected with the real products. The present work takes into account...
Optimization of Process Parameters for a Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher through the CFD-DEM Method
Ke Sun, Limei Zhao, Qitao Long
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(2):279-288
In this study, the process parameters of a vertical shaft impact (VSI) crusher are optimized. Different feed size distributions, material physical properties, and product size distribution requirements are considered to determine the optimal material particle bond cleavage ratio. First, a numerical model is developed to simulate the crushing effect by adopting a CFD-DEM method. Then, the relationship between the crushing effect and the rotor speed, feed size distribution, and feed rate is revealed by analyzing the bond cleavage ratio of smaller-size distribution feed crushing to the specified particle size. The optimized working parameters of the crusher...
The Effect of Strain Rate on the Friction Coefficient
Petr Svoboda, Miroslav Jopek
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(2):289-293
The Male and Cockroft ring compression test is one of the methods used to determine the coefficient of friction in forming. This method can be used to determine the coefficient of friction without the need to measure the force. This paper describes the results of the Male and Cockroft ring compres-sion test for the Hardox 450 material at different strain rates. The experiment was performed on ZD40 hydraulic press and CFA-80 pneumatic die hammer at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Brno University of Technology. The test results were recorded in a calibration diagram. The results show that the strain rate has a significant effect on the coefficient...
The Manufacturing of Environmental Barrier Coatings by HV-APS Plasma Spraying Using Er2O3 and SiO2 Powder Mixture
Paweł Pędrak, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Barbara Kościelniak, Marek Góral, Mateusz Micał
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(2):255-264
Over the last decades, nickel-based superalloys with TBC coatings have been used as the main material for hot section turbine parts. The next step in the development of engines and increasing the combustion temperature is the use of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC). Nevertheless, in the presence of water vapour or molten salts, accelerated degradation of substrate material. This problems can be pre-vented by additional layers or coatings produced on its surface, or combinations of layers and coatings that form Environmental Barrier Coatings (EBCs). The aim of the research was the preparation of sam-ples of a mixture of erbium oxide powders with silicon...
Microstructure and Properties of Natural Alloy Prepared by Aluminothermic Reduction of Deep-Sea Nodules and Processed by Rapid Solidification
Alena Michalcová, Matouš Orlíček, Pavel Novák
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(2):235-240
This paper explores the investigation of a natural alloy processed using the rapid solidification tech-nique. The study involves the reduction of manganese nodules through aluminothermy with a 20 wt. % excess of aluminum, followed by further processing of the resulting alloy using the melt-spinning process. The obtained melt-spun ribbons were subjected to a comprehensive analysis, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy for microstructure observation, and EDS analysis for local chemical composition. The research unveiled that the rapidly solidified ribbons consist of several key phases, including β-Mn, the Heusler phase Mn2FeSi,...
Roughness of Face-Milled Surface Topography in Directions Relative to the Feed Movement
Antal Nagy, János Kundrák
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(2):241-254
By achieving the accuracy and roughness requirements imposed on the connecting surfaces of machine components –the topography created during machining – it is guaranteed to meet the operational requirements. We cannot ignore the fact that if connected milled plane surfaces move in different directions relative to each other during operation, there may be different contact conditions caused by the unevenness of the topography. The direction-dependent roughness irregularities and functional characteristics of the topography are not sufficiently explored, thus in this work we examine the roughness and its deviations by assuming displacements...
Research and Dynamic Analysis of a Cable Reel Device Based on Constant Tension
Hengcan Li
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(2):219-226
A constant tension cable reel based on planetary gear transmission is introduced. The parameters of the mechanism are determined to analyze the speed and torque of the transfer mechanism. The relationship between the thread pitch and cable type show that different cable models require different parameters for the constant tension cable reel. The mechanism is designed to automatically adjust the force required for cable pulling and maintain a constant maximum tension. Then the relationship between the moment and speed of each output shaft is analyzed, and the operation mode of the cable reel was explained. The experimental results show that the proposed...
The Effect of TiO2 Layers on the Surface Properties of Materials
Jana Šulcová, Iveta Papučová, Jana Pagáčová, Andrej Dubec, Andrea Feriancová, Maroš Dedinský, Peter Sukeľ
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(2):272-278
One of the ways to improve or change the surface properties of materials is to apply thin layers. TiO2-based layers are used to protect surfaces against wear or atmospheric and thermal effects (anti-corrosion, anti-abrasive and anti-static layers). They are also used in optical coatings, on windows or glasses (anti-reflective, self-cleaning and conductive transparent layers), in healthcare and in households to ensure the cleanliness of surfaces. The work deals with the effect of TiO2 layers on the surface properties of selected substrates. The layers were prepared by the sol-gel method using the dip-coating technique on glass and stainless steel. The...
Influence of the Orientation of Parts Produced by Additive Manufacturing on Mechanical Properties
Vladimír Bechný, Miroslav Matuš, Richard Joch, Mário Drbúl, Andrej Czán, Michal Šajgalík, František Nový
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):2-8 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.021
Binderjetting technology works on the principle of line injection moulding, using metal powder and liquid binder as input material, which is uniformly applied by print heads to the previous layer using a nozzle. By successively applying each layer, the desired shape of the designed component is obtained. The technology offers a large number of advantages which include the possibility of using any printing powder that may contain functional graded materials. Furthermore, it is a green manufacturing technology where we can reuse unused metal powder in the next printing cycle after following the prescribed process. As a result, we characterize this technology...
Effect of Laser Shock Peening on the Microstructure of P265GH Steel and X6CrNiTi18-10 Stainless Steel Dissimilar Welds
David Bricín, Zbyněk Špirit, Hynek Gilík, Jan Kaufman
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):9-14 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.020
The aim of this study was to verify the laser shock peening (LSP) on the microstructure of P265GH steel and X6CrNiTi18-10 stainless steel. The LSP surface treatment was done underwater on the dis-similar weld joint of the P265GH and X6CrNiTi18-10 tubes. The metallographic analysis then focuses on the evaluation of microstructure in heat-affected zones of both materials. The results of our analysis are possibly summarised as follows. Light and scanning electron microscopy have shown grain refinement in the treated surface of the HAZ region of X6CrNiTi18-10 steel. For P265GH steel, it was possible to find a remelted surface layer with a thickness of...
The Effect of Laser Welding Parameters on Aluminium PV Construction Rack Systems
Pavel Houška, Klára Caisová, Vladislav Síťař, Štefan Michna, Tomáš Alfonso
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):47-52 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.019
Rising energy demands together with environmental concerns have spurred increased focus on renewable energetics, leading to the widespread installation of photovoltaic power plants worldwide. Due to the unique solar dispersion angle over the world, different racking systems are also the subject of keen interest in mechanical support equipment. Different constructions require welded joints of construction parts with massive strain while exposed to weather conditions. Therefore mechanical properties of the joints of these systems are also being studied. This research is focused on the mechanical properties (such as microstructure and microhardness) of...
How to Determine Possible Interactions of Silicide and Aluminide in Preparation of Composites
Pavel Novak, Stanislav Mestek, Alena Michalcová, Alisa Tsepeleva, Kateřina Skotnicová, Ivo Szurman
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):104-109 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.008
Silicide – aluminide composites could be considered as potential tool materials, because of high wear resistance and thermal stability. Recently, the alloys based on iron aluminide and silicide were tested, but they found to be very brittle due to the occurrence of brittle Fe-Al-Si ternary phases. On the other hand, in TiAl-Ti5Si3 composite, no ternary phase was formed during sintering, even though it can be expected based on thermodynamics. Therefore, this paper aims on finding the way how to test poten-tial interaction between silicide and aluminide phase during preparation of these composites.
Research on FSW Welds of Al-Alloy Modified by Laser Shock Peening Process
Henrieta Chochlíková, Jozef Majerík, Igor Barényi, Matúš Gavalec, Jana Escherová, Milan Pecanac, Dragan Rajnovic, Sebastian Baloš, Marcel Kohutiar
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):53-61 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.018
The friction stir welding (FSW) method is classified as a so-called green or eco-friendly production technology in terms of its environmental impact. In the process of friction stir welding, there is no melting and the weld joint is formed by the movement of a rotating tool between the materials to be welded. The advantage of this technology is welding without the accompanying phenomena such as the release of harmful substances into the air, the emission of infrared, ultraviolet and visible radia-tion, and low energy consumption. In this work, friction stir welding tests of FSW and SR-FSW type were carried out, the butt welds themselves were performed...
Heat Treatment of Steel 1.3520: Influence of Temperature and Austenitization Time
Martin Ovsik, Michal Stanek, Martin Bednarik
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):110-116 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.017
This study deals with influence of temperature and time of austenitization on final mechanical proper-ties, especially hardness, obtained after heat treatment of steel 1.3520. Following process parameters of heat treatment were varied: time of austenitization and type of cooling medium, which has a significant effect on final structure, thus mechanical properties. These parameters were varied according to reccomended range given in material sheet. As can be seen from results, different temperature and time of austenitization influenced final hardness after quenching and tempering. Lower temperature and shorter time of austenitization led to insufficient...
Investigating the Pressure Distribution on Uneven Surfaces Using an Educational Robot for Development of Ergonomic School Furniture
Daniel Novák, Viktor Novák, Patrik Voštinár, Jaromír Volf
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):98-103 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.016
The article presents the method of investigating the pressure distribution on uneven surfaces, used for the development of a new, modern series of school furniture that meets the relevant health, pedagogical and legal requirements. During the examination of pressure conditions on school chairs with a flexible tactile sensor, which was primarilly developed for this purpose, exact data on the immediate differences in contact pressures between the person sitting and the seat are obtained. Based on this information, it is then possible to optimally shape the seats during their design and subsequent production according to the age of the sitters and the...
Analysis of the Basic Characteristics of the Working Accuracy of the Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing ADAM Process by Comparison with the Selective Laser Melting SLM Process
Andrej Czan, Tatiana Czanova, Jozef Holubjak, Martin Novak, Natalia Czanova, Andrej Czan, Dominik Krisak
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):15-27 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.015
Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM) is a progressive layering process based on metallic materials with a plastic binder designed to extruse the material. The ADAM process can be classified as an indirect additive manufacturing process in which a solid fiber of metal powder enclosed in a plastic binder is applied. After creating a 3D object by the ADAM process, the excess plastic binder is removed in the cleaning chamber and vacuum sintering of the 3D object is performed. This work aims to provide a preliminary characterization of the ADAM process and compare the achieved results with the application most implemented so far in additive manufacturing...
The Influence of the Choice of Machining Strategy on Production Technology
Martin Reznicek, Cyril Horava
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):117-130 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.014
This paper deals with the issue of selecting different machining parameters in the CAM system Siemens NX 1946. The issue of choosing between a solid end mill, milling cutter, and a high-feed tool when machining simple rectangular and rugged cavities concerning time and residual material is solved here. The chosen material was 1.1730, which is a basic material for the production of moulds without heat treatment. The paper deals with the issue of choosing the size of tool feed into the cut and its influence on the formation of the machining path depending on the depth of the cavity. The size of the residual material depends on the machining strategy...
Production of Non-Compact, Lightweight Zinc-Tin Alloy Materials for Possible Storage of Liquid Hydrogen
Iva Nová, Milan Jelínek, Pavel Solfronk, David Koreček, Jiří Sobotka
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):87-97 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.013
Unfortunately, in connection with the application of the Actavia anti-plagiarism system, we cannot accurately describe our paper, which deals with the production of non-compact materials based on zinc and tin alloys, which have a higher density than aluminium (ρ = 2700 kg.m-3 ) and its alloys, such as zinc alloys (ρ = 6980 kg.m-3 ) or tin (ρ = 7580 kg.m-3 ). Test samples were prepared from these materials, which were characterized by material non-compactness based on the use of NaCl particles. For this purpose, two different size groups of NaCl particles (3 to 5 mm and 5 to 7 mm) were used. In the production...
Optimization of Tooth Profile Modification and Backlash Analysis of Multi-tooth Mesh Cycloid Transmission
Liyong Zhang, Wentao Xu, Yanfeng Zhi, Nai Hou, Hongwei Li, Chanlu Wang, Tongjie Li, Yu Zhang, Hanlin Zhang, Jijie Chen
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):154-163 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.012
Cycloid gear drive is widely used in robot cycloid planetary reducer, and the transmission accuracy is the key property of the reducer. The standard cycloid transmission is a multi-tooth mesh. The modification method has attracted extensive attention as one of the important parameters of the cycloid drive. The influence of the isometric and shifting modification of the cycloid gear on the cycloid transmission backlash was analysed according to the characteristics of the multi-tooth mesh and the profile equation of the modified cycloid gear in this study. Combined with the backlash analysis, a multi-objective optimization mathematical model of cycloid...
The Effect of the Solution Annealing Temperature in the Hardening Process on the Properties of Al-Si-Cu Alloys
Tomáš Vlach, Jaromír Cais, Filip Mamoń, Jakub Mareš
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):141-147 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.011
This article deals with the influence of the applied solution annealing temperatures in the precipita-tion hardening process on the resulting increase in the mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu alloy cast-ings with different copper contents in the alloy. AlSi7Cu2 and AlSi7Cu4 alloys were cast by gravity casting in a metal molds. Each of the samples was subjected to the Vickers microhardness measure-ment of a solid solution of α(Al) and Brinnel hardness measurement. Microscopic analysis and evalu-ation of the internal structure of each alloy was carried out in relation to used solution-annealing temperature.
Effect of Change in Current Density on Hydrogen Embrittlement of Advanced High-Strength Steel S960MC during Hydrogenation
Petra Drímalová, František Nový, Milan Uhričík, Petra Váňová, Lukáš Šikyňa, Veronika Chvalníková, Martin Slezák
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):40-46 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.010
Hydrogen embrittlement involves the interaction between hydrogen and the microstructure of metals, which can lead to an alarming loss of mechanical properties. For advanced high-strength (AHS) steel S960MC grade, which finds application in fields ranging from heavy machinery to construction, understanding this phenomenon is important. The material's complex crystalline lattice, carefully engineered to maximize strength, becomes vulnerable in the presence of hydrogen. The sources of hydrogen that can lead to embrittlement of steel are various. From the exposure of steel to hydrogen during production processes to the absorption of hydrogen from the environment....
Dilatometric Effects Accompanying Phase Transformations during Tempering of Spring Steels
Jakub Kotous, Zbyšek Nový, Petr Motyčka, Pavel Salvetr
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):62-72 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.009
The tempering procedure of quenched 54SiCr6 spring steel was analyzed using continuous heating dilatometry, isothermal dilatometry, metallography, and hardness measurement. The dilatometry was performed on four different steel modifications with graduated Si content and with two levels of Cu. Metallography and hardness measurement were analyzed only on samples with one Si level. Two types of tempering procedures were compared in this experimental program. The first one was sim-ple one-step tempering, the other was a special procedure of strain assisted tempering (SAT), which includes double tempering and strain applications between tempering. A dilatometry...
The Microscopic Study of the Evolution of the Phase Transformation in the Tin after the Indentation of an Inoculator
Alena Michalcová, Šárka Msallamová, Dominika Fink, Jiří Kubásek, Martin Friák
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):83-86 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.007
This paper describes β-Sn to α-Sn transformation in its initial phase. This process is also known as a tin pest and currently it causes problems mainly in the field of soldering materials. To avoid misrepresenta-tion of the results of artificial ageing of the samples; we have decided to use historical materials for our study. A sample from historical organ pipes was indented by naturally formed α-Sn polycrystalline parti-cles by the load of 1 kg. The sample in the initial state was observed by SEM and analysed by EBSD mapping. The position of inoculator particles was documented again by SEM observation. Subseqently, the sample was freezed...
Measurement of the Dynamic Load of the Cervical Vertebrae of the Human Spine – Pilot Experiment
Igor Žuravský, Martin Novák, Petr Vachata, Martin Sameš, Milan Chalupa, Adam Švásta, Martin Svoboda, Patrik Balcar
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):164-171 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.006
The article deals with the experimental measurement of the load on the cervical vertebrae when driving a passenger car over bumps. The measurement was done experimentally. The load on the human spine was measured in the area of the C7 cervical vertebra and also in the area of the top of the head. Vehicle crossings over speed bumps. The measurement was carried out at different crossing speeds and at different heights of speed bumps. Three-axis acceleration sensors were placed on selected parts of the vehicle and on the human body. The proposed measurement methodology was verified by the conducted pilot experiment for the possibility of conducting further...
Motion Planning and Simulation of Multifunctional Over-the-tube Pipe Climbing Robot
Li Dong, Tongchao Xing, Yi Zheng
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(1):28-39 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.005
Due to the complexity of the current industrial pipeline layout, in order to improve the efficiency of pipeline inspection and maintenance, a multi-functional obstacle-surmounting pipe-crawling robot was designed to address the issues of varying pipe diameters and positions. The movement pattern of the crawling robot was studied, the variation of the clamping force of the clamping mechanism during the climbing process was analyzed, and the mapping relationship between various parameters was obtained as the basis for later kinematic simulation. The design of inverted V, positive V and other drive combinations and the planning of multi-functional obstacle-surmounting...