Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2021 (vol. 21), issue 1
Experimental study of thin steel tubes welded by fiber laser
Dana Bakošová, Alžbeta Bakošová
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):3-13 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.012 
The laser welding method is one of the youngest but the most progressive welding methods. The advantages of laser welding include: simple automation combined with modern computer technolo-gy, very low heat input to the weld, high productivity, high welding accuracy and low noise during laser operation. In this work, the sample meltings were prepared in a protective atmosphere varying the welding parameters – laser power, welding speed, or focus position. A total of 12 samples were prepared this way. The aim was to evaluate the shape and depth of the melting of the material for selected values of parameters. Based on this metallographic evaluation,...
Synthesis of Lu2O3 - Bi2O3 Nanoparticles
Alexandra Benediková, Pavel Kejzlar, Eva Kuželová Košťáková, David Tomka, Jan Grégr
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):14-19 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.020
This paper deals with a synthesis of a new ionising radiation attenuation composite material from Lu2O3 - Bi2O3 nanoparticles structure, that has never been described yet. The paper describes the preparation of Lu2O3 - Bi2O3 nano- and microparticles by three methods: a self-combustion synthesis, a solid-state method and a coprecipitation method. Polymer solution was prepared from Lu2O3 - Bi2O3 nanoparticles and Polyvinyl Butyral. Afterwards, nanofibers were processed by an electrospinning method from PVB - Lu2O3 - Bi2O3 polymer solution. PVB - Lu2O3 - Bi2O3 nanofibers were characterised and their X-Ray attenuation effect was tested. This paper proceeds...
Selected NDT techniques in heat treatment control
Petr Beneš, Vilém Vítovec
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):20-28 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.007
The quality of machine parts is determined not only by the quality of the materials themselves, but also by their heat treatment, which also includes frequently used chemical-thermal processes, such as case-hardening, leading to an increase in the mechanical properties of the surface layers of the material. Heat treatment involves thermal diffusion processes, which are quite complex and therefore there is always a certain probability that the desired material state will not be created. It is therefore desirable to have control methods, preferably of a non-destructive nature, which can detect imperfections and thus prevent future damage that could occur...
Suitability Confirmation for Welding Ultra-High Strength Steel S1100QL Using the RapidWeld Method
Jaroslav Brabec, Štěpán Ježek, Libor Beneš, Antonín Kříž, Petr Majrich
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):29-36 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.014
This experiment assesses the suitability of square-welding high strength steel using the deep penetra-tion welding method, RapidWeld. The aim of this method suitability assessment was to compare the final material properties of three welds, welded accordingly to identical welding procedures. High strength, ultra-fine-grain steel S1100QL (XABO 1100) was used as a parent metal. The suitability con-firmation was based on the achievement of requested mechanical properties of ISO 15614-1 and mo-bile crane manufactures standards. The hardness, strength properties and impact energy measure-ment and evaluatioon of the joint was performed during the experiment....
Influence of the Boriding Process on the Properties and the Structure of the Steel S265 and the Steel X6CrNiTi18-10
David Bricín, Antonín Kříž
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):37-44 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.003
In the performed experiment, changes in the microstructure of steels S265 and X6CrNiTi18-10 due to their chemical-thermal treatment by boriding were studied. The boriding process was performed in a Durborid boriding powder at 900 0C. During this process, surface layers of Fe-B borides were formed in both analyzed sorts of steels. The layers differed in their morphology and composition due to the different degree of alloying of the matrix of analyzed steels by additive elements. The formed Fe-B layers showed high adhesive and cohesive resistance in both materials. Due to changes in the micro-structure of S265 steel, especially due to significant coarsening...
The effect of the binder phase and sintering temperature on the properties of Spark Plasma Sintering WC-Co cemented carbides
Tomasz Dembiczak, Zbigniew Balaga, Michal Opydo, Robert Kruzel, Dariusz Garbiec, Marcin Dyner
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):45-50 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.002
Cemented carbides belong to one of the most important groups of tool materials, whose percentage among all other materials used for cutting tools has reached about 50% in the global industry. Powder metallurgy methods have been used to produce cemented carbides, of which spark plasma sintering (SPS) is considered highly prospectiveThis paper presents the results of preliminary research concerning the effect of the fraction of the binder phase and sintering temperature on the microstructure, density, hardness and resistance to brittle fracture of cemented carbides produced by spark plasma sintering. The test materials were WC powder with a purity of...
Effect of Technological Waste on Rheological Properties of the Polymer Composite
Jozef Dobransky, Martin Pollak, Marek Kocisko, Monika Torokova, Jakub Kascak
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):51-55 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.001
The production of automotive products from polymeric materials represents operations associated with the flow of material during its shaping to the desired final mold. The technological aspects of the processing of polymeric materials are closely related to the rheological properties. The article deals with adding technological waste from production to virgin material and its influence on rheological or flow properties of selected polymer composite. The analyzed material is used in the manufacture of components (connectors) in the automotive industry. The rheological properties were measured in two stages. In the first stage, rheological properties...
Improving Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) of Extrusion Machine Using Lean Manufacturing Approach
Tamer Haddad, Basheer W. Shaheen, István Németh
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):56-64 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.006
Providing products with higher quality and lower prices is considered to be a competitive advantage for the industrial firms over competitors. This main challenge can be achieved by minimizing the overall production costs and operational time. Lean manufacturing provides many tools and techniques to iden-tify and eliminate wastes and to reduce costs in production systems. In this paper, single minute ex-change of die (SMED) technique is used as a lean manufacturing approach in a leading Palestinian aluminum profiles company. SMED was implemented through real experimental procedures applied to the extrusion line processes to investigate its effect on...
The Mechanical Performance evaluation of Vertical Stability Coil under Electromagnetic-structure Coupling Analyses
Peng Han, Xianewei Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):65-70 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.016
The vertical stability coil is a set of active feedback control coil that is used to deal with the vertical instability of plasma. To improve the response performance, the coil is mounted in the vacuum vessel, which denotes the coil-body will suffer from large electromagnetic force from the plasma current and poloidal field coils. Besides the current flowing in the feeder is nearly perpendicular with magnetic field originated from toroidal coil. It implies large electromagnetic force will be generated on the feeder. In order to withstand the impact from the electromagnetic force, a series of reinforce compo-nents are designed and installed on the coil....
Relationship between mechanical properties in 42SiCr and 42SiMn medium-carbon steels and austempering temperatures
Štěpán Jeníček, Michal Peković, Kateřina Opatová, Ivan Vorel
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):71-75 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.005
In conventional steels, bainitic microstructure which forms under isothermal conditions consists of bainitic ferrite and carbide precipitates whose distribution and size substantially depend on the pa-rameters of isothermal treatment. In CFB steels (Carbide Free Bainite) however, the main micro-structural constituents are bainitic ferrite, retained austenite and, sometimes, the M-A constituent. CFB microstructure may possess better ductility and the same or even higher strength than micro-structures of bainitic ferrite and carbide precipitates. This advantage results from the principle of formation of the CFB microstructure and is related to the absence...
Composite laser claddings for corrosion protection of outer surfaces of storage containers for spent nuclear fuel in underground repositories
Pavla Bartoň Klufová, Antonín Kříž, Duliškovič Josef, Marek Vostřák
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):76-82 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.009
The present contribution examines the structures of and corrosion processes in copper-basalt composite laser claddings on a steel substrate. The cladding material was a laboratory mixture of the following components: Oerlikon METCO 55 (Cu > 99.9 %) + basalt dust. In this investigation, metallographic structures of copper-basalt composite laser claddings were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The adhesion of the claddings to the substrate was testing using the non-standardized Mercedes test. A potentiodynamic corrosion test in artificial mine water was performed on a specimen of the composite laser cladding. The test results...
The Microstructural Study of a Damaged Motorcycle Gear Wheel
Petra Kováčiková, Andrej Dubec, Jana Kuricová
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):83-90 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.011
The main aim of this article is study the cause of gear wheel failure. This component has worked in the motorcycle gearbox. During the operation of the transmission, the gear wheel tooth was broken, which made it impossible to continue running this device. The investigation of the damaged area was focused on determining the chemical composition of the gear wheel material as well as detecting chemical changes in microlocalities close to the defective areas. The method of energy-dispersive spectroscopy was chosen for this type of analysis. Furthermore, the micropurity and microstructure of the material were evaluated by methods of optical microscopy...
The use of FIB for the preparation of a structure analogous to the natural sur-face and its replication by selected types of polymers
Dora Kroisová, Tomáš Šamořil, Štěpánka Dvořáčková
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):91-97 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.008
The experiments aimed to verify the use of a focused ion beam (FIB) to create structures analogous to the natural surface and then use the two-step imprinting method to prepare replicas of the surface creat-ed by FIB. The surface of the petal leaves of pansy (Viola x wittrockiana) was selected as a natural sur-face pattern. The TESCAN AMBER FIB-SEM microscope was used for the preparation of an analo-gous surface. The molds for the replication process were made of President Light Body elastomer. PVB, PVA, CMC, PCL, EP were used for the preparation of polymer replicas. Scanning electron micro-scope was used to evaluate the quality of the prepared polymer...
Corrosion Resistance of Ferritic Stainless Steel X12Cr13 After Application of Low-Temperature and High-Temperature Plasma Nitriding
David Kusmič, Ondřej Čech, Lenka Klakurková
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):98-104 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.013
The impact of plasma nitriding process on corrosion resistance of ferritic stainless steel (FSS) was evaluated in this study. The FSS X12Cr13 (AISI 410) was subjected to low-temperature plasma nitriding (LTPN) treatment at a temperature of 400°C in 3H2:1N2 (l/h) and in 1H2:3N2 (l/h) reverse working atmosphere (LTPN-R) and to high-temperature plasma nitriding (HTPN) treatment at 550 °C for 15 h. The microstructure and microhardness of the untreated and nitrided stainless steel were evaluated. The corrosion properties of the untreated and plasma nitrided steel samples were evaluated using the anodic potentiodynamic polarization tests in neutral 2.5%...
Kinetic of the Intermetallic Phases Growing in the Al Alloy – Ni Composite
Alena Michalcová, Anna Teichmanová, Anna Knaislová, Zdeněk Kačenka, Ivo Marek, Dalibor Vojtěch
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):105-108 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.010
This article describes the kinetic of intermetallic phases growth during annealing of Al alloy – Ni composite material. The composite was prepared by spark plasma sintering processing (SPS) from gas atomized AlCr6Fe2Si1 with 5 wt. % of Ni. The composite material is stable at temperatures up to 400 °C and no formation of intermetallic phases was observed even after 100 h of annealing. At higher temperatures, the intermetallic phases are formed and the time of the first observation of the inter-metallics is strongly dependent on time. The only intermetallic phase observed by the XRD was NiAl3. The content of other intermetallic phases clearly visible...
Monitoring the influence of sodium chloride particle size on the physical, me-chanical properties and structure of samples of porous aluminium materials
Iva Nova, Karel Fraňa, Pavel Solfronk, David Korecek
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):109-116 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.017
The paper deals the production of porous aluminum materials that are characterized by lower density and mechanical properties. Samples of porous aluminium materials were produced on the basis of the developed methodology that applied sodium chloride particles of different sizes (average size 4, 6 and 9 mm). The AlSi12 foundry alloy was preffered for the production of the aluminium porous material. As part of the experiments, samples of porous aluminium material in the shape of a truncated cone were made. The cavity of the foundry mould was in the shape of a truncated cone with diameters: D = 0.047 m, d = 0.040 m and height v = 0.040 m. The material...
Influence Of Deep Cryogenic Processing On Carbide Grain Size In Sintered Carbide WC-Co
Vojtěch Průcha, Zdeněk Jansa, Vilém Veselý
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):117-123 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.004
The paper deals with the change in carbide grain size of sintered WC-Co carbide after cryogenic pro-cessing. Because this structural parameter has a significant effect on mechanical properties. Some sources indicate that due to cryogenic processing takes place to reduce the size of carbide grains and other sources indicate that takes place to increase the size of carbide grains. Measurement of the grain size can be performed using several methods. In this paper, a comparative method according to the ASTM B 390 standard was used. Further, the linear intersection method according to the ČSN ISO 4499-2 standard was used. The last one for measuring the...
Consistent Maintenance Management Model: Results of changes of maintenance organisation structure and processes
Jan Sailer, Tomáš Hladík
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):124-131 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.019
A number of asset management models, methodologies and tools are available and well known today. How-ever, various organizational approaches to asset management processes are adopted by companies in the industry. In the paper, a number of examples of maintenance process models are summarized and a comparison of examples (benchmark) of real maintenance organizational structures is presented. The used examples origin from chemical, petrochemical and automotive industries. On this background, a case study of major maintenance organization change in Unipetrol, a central European refinery and petrochemical group (part of PKN Orlen) is presented and analysed....
The Power Load Model for Electric Vehicle Charging Modelling and its Utilisation for Voltage Level Studies and Cables Ampacity in Distribution Grid
Vladislav Síťař, Tomáš Vysloužil, Lenka Raková, Tomáš Hruška
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):132-140 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.015
When electrical energy is drawn by electric vehicles from charging stations at charging process the voltage drops and increased current loading of cable lines in distribution grid occur. Inasmuch the electrical grid is insufficiently dimensioned or at large amount electric vehicles concurrently charges without controlled charging system, the voltages could decrease under desired level in grid points. This leads to the deterioration of voltage quality in given grid. The higher cables current loading leads to active power losses increase and decrease their service life. The paper describes the utilisation of modelling the electric vehicles when charging...
Industrial Automatic Assembly Technology Based on Machine Vision Recognition
Shiqian Xiang
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(1):141-148 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.018
With the rapid development of science and technology, the means of industrial production have become more diversified and intelligent, and the development of new means of industrial production has become an increasingly important research topic. Therefore, the automatic assembly technology was studied taking machine vision system as the main research subject in this study. An automated assembly model of industrial technology based on machine vision recognition was established, parameters such as the part positioning parameter, assembly time, the number of parts wrongly assembled and the number of parts missing and the qualification rate of assembly...