Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(5):689-697 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.063

Temperature Matters: Annealing Effects on Silver Protection and Tungsten Oxidation in W@Ag Core-Shell Powder

Angelina Strakošová ORCID...1,2, Pavel Lejček ORCID...1, Ilona Voňavková ORCID...2, Vojtěch Dalibor ORCID...2
1 Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 00 Praha 8. Czech Republic
2 Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6. Czech Republic

Core-shell powders have been extensively studied due to their complex structure and wide range of applications. W@Ag core-shell powders are particularly interesting due to the synergy between the tungsten and silver, which can be beneficial in the electronics industry. However, knowledge of their thermal stability is limited, particularly concerning the impact of annealing temperatures on structural integrity and oxidation resistance. In this work, W@Ag core-shell powder was heat-treated in the temperature range 100–700 °C for 1 h in air. Investigation of the microstructural changes using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the limiting temperature is 500 °C, when the shell began to decompose and the core began to oxidize. Moreover, X-ray diffraction analysis determined that the phase composition of the thus heat-treated material consisted of approxi-mately 50 % Ag and 50 % Ag2WO4.

Keywords: Tungsten, Silver, Core-shell powder, Annealing, Oxidation
Grants and funding:

This work was financially supported by the Czech Science Foundation under the grant No. 23-05139S. One of the authors (AS) acknowledges the grant of the Czech Academy of Sciences under No. L100102403. DV acknowledges financial support from the project “Mechanical Engineering of Biological and Bio-inspired Systems,” funded as project No. CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004634 by ProgrammeJohannes Amos Commenius, call Excellent Research. It was also supported from the grant of Specific university research–grant No A1_FCHT_2025_011

Received: August 25, 2025; Revised: October 29, 2025; Accepted: November 11, 2025; Prepublished online: December 6, 2025; Published: December 8, 2025  Show citation

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Strakošová A, Lejček P, Voňavková I, Dalibor V. Temperature Matters: Annealing Effects on Silver Protection and Tungsten Oxidation in W@Ag Core-Shell Powder. Manufacturing Technology. 2025;25(5):689-697. doi: 10.21062/mft.2025.063.
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