Manufacturing Technology 2026, 26(2):124-132 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2026.019

Evaluation of C45 Steel Hardening Process Using High-Speed Videography and ISO 9950 Test

Petr Beneš ORCID..., Vojtěch Taubr ORCID...
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 2732/8, 301 00, Plzeň. Czech Republic

The paper deals with the influence of various quenching media based on polymer aqueous solutions on the quenching process of carbon steel C45, connecting theoretical knowledge about heat transfer, surface phenomena and phase transformations with experimental verification. Surface phenomena at the interface of the hardened sample and the quenching medium were monitored using a high-speed camera. Cooling curves of the samples were obtained using the method according to ISO 9950 (Determination of cooling characteristics – Nickel-alloy probe test method). The paper contains practical recommendations for optimizing industrial hardening processes, especially when choosing polymer hardening baths as an alternative to water hardening baths and confirms their ability to ensure a more controlled cooling process, reduce the risk of cracks and deformations, and achieve higher hardness of hardened parts.

Keywords: Heat Treatment, Quenching, High-Speed Camera, Nickel-Alloy Probe Test Method, Polymer Quenchants
Grants and funding:

The present contribution has been prepared with the support of a student grant from the University of West Bohemia, SGS-2024-022 Progressive Materials and Technologies for Green Transformation. The project was funded from specific resources of the state budget for research and development

Received: December 4, 2025; Revised: March 17, 2026; Accepted: March 25, 2026; Prepublished online: April 22, 2026; Published: April 23, 2026  Show citation

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Beneš P, Taubr V. Evaluation of C45 Steel Hardening Process Using High-Speed Videography and ISO 9950 Test. Manufacturing Technology. 2026;26(2):124-132. doi: 10.21062/mft.2026.019.
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