Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(3):366-373 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.035

The Effect of Annealing Conditions on Copper's Brittleness and Powder Production Efficiency

Falah Mustafa Al- Saraireh ORCID...
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mutah University, Karak /Jordan

Recycling copper wire to produce the correct copper powder extends the environmentally friendly alternative to traditional refining techniques. That exploration research uses different annealed envi-ronments to regulate the embrittlement and ease of the crunch of the copper wire, with a particular focus on the variations in temperature and the consequences of the atmosphere. The study included heat conductor copper wire in the wind and a synthesis gas mixture (40 % H2, 60 % N2) within a tem-perature range of 250 °C to 850 °C with a duration of either 30 or 60 minutes. Several trials were carried out to measure the influence of the treatment, including the bend test to measure the toughness, the optical microscopy to measure the evolution of the microstructure, and the mass loss measurement to measure the oxidation tiers. The results show that annealing gas at a temperature between 600°C and 650°C for 45–60 minutes produces significant embrittlement, which makes the copper more prone to cracking at all right atoms. A microstructural study confirms that the embrittlement detected in the minimization atmosphere is due to excessive grain expansion and the formation of a nothingness caused by hydrogen infiltration. Moreover, oxidation was well reduced under conditions of synthesis gas, with a mass loss of approximately 1–3 %, in contrast to the oxygen record of 10 % above 850 oC. These revelations underline the possibility of controlled annealing and hydrogen embrittlement as a cost-effective and resource-efficient method of producing superior copper powder, which could be highly beneficial for some industrial objectives.

Keywords: Copper Powder Production, Scrap Copper Recycling, Annealing Conditions, Hydrogen Embrittlement, Synthesis Gas Atmosphere, Microstructural Analysis, Brittleness Evaluation

Received: February 1, 2025; Revised: May 17, 2025; Accepted: May 22, 2025; Prepublished online: May 23, 2025; Published: July 4, 2025  Show citation

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Al- Saraireh FM. The Effect of Annealing Conditions on Copper's Brittleness and Powder Production Efficiency. Manufacturing Technology. 2025;25(3):366-373. doi: 10.21062/mft.2025.035.
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