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This chapter investigates the establishing process of virtual tool that in its logical core utilizes an approach based on the open source philosophy exploited for the work with the environment of augmented reality and its application in assembling processes. The traditional possibilities of how the engineer can use tools of augmented reality in form of normal commercial devices to collect the information about position of observed object in the working environment concern special devices with general structure formed by elements of motion tracking systems or technology of visual markers. In the beginning, the chapter briefly focuses on general problems in the application processes of virtual components and logical scripts in the area of the augmented reality. In following phase it provides fundamental philosophy and logical steps of new presented application of the augmented reality whereupon some samples can be provided created by means of logical operations and virtual elements from the open source environment. In the final step of this article chapter is clarified application process for creation and development of virtual software and hardware elements that are necessary for work in the augmented reality environment.

Design of a Casting Die made of aluminium alloy components using CATIA software is described in the article. Computer aided design and construction is necessary for the creation of each part. A lot of tools are implemented in the CATIA program. These tools are used to design cast parts easily. A few aspects are necessary for this technology. To achieve a quality fine-grained structure without porosity and the oxide inclusions, a possibility to observe the casting, solidification, tempering, easy creation of core and cavity, possibility of rapid design whole mould. This factors influence efficiency of construction, quality of the product and production economy. Use of CAx technologies is necessary to meet the requirements [7]. Simulation in some simulating program occurred before this construction. These programs work on basis of Navier-Stokes law and law of conservation of momentum [4]. Combination of these products influences efficiency, productivity and financial expenses.

The Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) and Austempered Grey Iron (AGI) represent the most progressive group of grafitic irons with reference to mechanical properties. These properties depend on accurate observance of default structure, chemical composition and isothermal hardening conditions. ADI/AGI castings are mostly used in automotive industry for moving parts and safety critical items. The production of ADI/AGI in the Czech Republic is insufficient, even if the automotive is the important member of our industrial production. The NDT can be used as the tool of 100% inspection - that provides constant production quality and could support the production of this promising material. This work deals with the development of inspection procedures based on the magnetic and ultrasonic structuroscopy.

This article deals with grinding of the hardened and tempered steel in different coolants. The G-ratio is one of the important parameters of grinding process and shows efficiency of this. The development of machining technologies is still moving forward, there are new materials and types of tool using in production and manufacturing. With a new materials usage we want better parameters of process, e. g. higher G-ratio, lower heat balance and better surface quality after machining. New types of abrasive grains that we used are based on Al2O3 - microcrystalline corundum and parameter of G-ratio and surface quality after grinding will be described in this article. For experiment were chosen three types of coolants and one of grinding wheel. We can see changes of G-ratio and surface quality during grinding at different coolants.

In the development of new cutting materials as well as the application of recent ones it is necessary to know the dependence of their durability on cutting speed. Cutting speed, which determines maximum tool durability, can be derived from it. Recent methodology of finding out this dependence is based mainly on long-term machining examinations and tests, which are demanding on time and material and they can be realised only in laboratory conditions. The paper presents a suggestion of short-term, but equally precise examination, which is based on the observation of tool wear depending on cutting speed.

This paper reports on the outcomes of an investigation concerned with the machining performance of thermally treated recycled glass in the vibratory mass finishing process. The surface finish generated with the glass is compared to that achieved using conventional polyester bonded media under different lubrication conditions. To help understand the wear behavior of the glass, measurements of the surface topography were obtained at intervals throughout the tool life, using a replication method. A further series of tests were undertaken to establish self-attrition rates. It has been demonstrated that the machining performance of recycled glass media is comparable to that of conventional media in respect of surface finish (Ra), brightness cycle time, self-attrition rate and tool life. This innovative work provides strong promise for the introduction of this new media into the abrasives marketplace for polishing, superpolishing and superfinishing of engineering materials.

The cavitation erosion is a process of material deterioration as a result of materialization, increase and decrease of the cavitation bubbles in different types of liquid. The cavitation erosion materials are used to prevent the devastating effect of imploding bubbles. The aluminum alloys are often used on the parts of machines exposed to cavitation erosion phenomenon. The following article brings up the study of the results of investigation cavitation erosion resistance aluminum alloys: EN AW-2017A, EN AW-5754 and EN AW-7075.

Tool wear is generally considered a negative fact, which worsens machining results. According to theories it causes the growth of cutting forces, cutting temperature worsens the quality of machined surface. Closer study of the process of the wear leads to the need to distinguish between the effects of the wear on the back and on the face of the tool. The paper deals with the study of the mechanism of wear on the face in time relation. It shows that the groove on the face, which is created by leaving chip, can have positive aspect. It can be used as "natural chip shaper".

The paper is focused on the optimization of cutting parameters and their correction using magnetic correlation kinetic analysis to determine the workability of the material machined. The integrity of the surface layers, dimension and shape accuracy and cost of production is primarily dependent on the input parameters of the cutting process with particular workpiece material and its workability, the required quality, working conditions, type of cutting tool, workpiece material and machine tool. Different homogeneity causing uneven machinability, its early detection and quantitative assessment before entering into the semi-machining process is an important factor to stabilize and optimize the cutting process, especially in automated manufacturing. The identification of variations in machinability of the desired state can use the principle magnetic correlation analysis of the material and the values used to control and optimize the cutting process. This principle can be applied to adaptive control of modal commands direct change in the control program.

This paper outlines the hard machining procedures, their applicability, the increase of their efficiency and the possibilities provided through their combination. It focuses on the advantages of the cutting and grinding compared to each other and also on the cases when it is appropriate to apply them or possibly combine them.

Kaizen strategy is the most important Japanese management concept. Supporters of this by all means an interesting management philosophy consider it as a basis for achieving success by the company. The analyzed company X Stainless motivated by others companies market successes decided to deepen the knowledge of the Kaizen philosophy, which resulted in the implementation of this method of management in its ranks. The essence of Kaizen is to change ways of thinking and way of production management. Underlying this theory, there is the gradual but constant improvement of the status quo with the active involvement of every management employee and the rest of the company workers. Kaizen educates employees towards finding ways to better perform their duties. Performance of work is closely connected with the observance of standards and the introduction of small improvements in order to continue its improvement.

Problems about hardened steels grinding is presently very important part of engineering. Many applications of these materials using in practice, machine, devices and in different industry like automotive, aviation, cosmonautics and in area of health, safety and protection of passengers in vehicles, planes, aircrafts, ships, trains and many others. Because of these areas that used the passengers is very important surface quality and durability of these parts of machines. Topic of surface quality changes in working of the parts is especially important in dynamic load parts. These parts are very loaded by alternating stress in cases of double axis stress (torsion and bend). Such materials are for example bearing, shafts and gears. In all cases the production technology influences surface quality.

This article is aimed at studying the impact of surface integrity - surface roughness, hardness and residual stress - on fatigue performance of EN S355J2 steel. The test specimens were manufactured by turning. A longer fatigue life for the machined components can be obtained by applying such cutting conditions as a low feed rate. The fatigue limit of the specimen with the surface roughness Ra 1,6 μm is approximately 7 % higher than that of the specimen with Ra 3,2 μm. From the residual stress results it can be seen that the cutting conditions used for producing surface finish Ra 1,6 μm will introduce mainly compressive residual stress whereas the cutting conditions used for producing surface finish Ra 3,2 μm will introduce tensile residual stress. The measurements were carried out at Aalto University at the Departments of Engineering Design and Production and Material Science and Engineering in Espoo. The main purpose of the study is to find proper surface finishing techniques and fatigue improvements for hydraulic components.

The article presents problems related to welding alloys of the 7000 series at an example of the AW 7020 grade alloy, by relating the obtained properties to their microstructure. Welded joints were performed with use of the weld metals according to the PN-EN ISO 18273:2007 Standard. The welded joints were subjected to evaluation of their modifiability by heat treatment.

The contribution describes effect of the temperature (20-400°C) on structure and mechanical properties (Brinell hardness and bending impact toughness) of the recycled AlZn10Si8Mg cast alloy. AlZn10Si8Mg cast alloy are used for engine and vehicle constructions, hydraulic unit and mould making without heat treatment. Improved mechanical properties are strongly dependent upon the morphologies, type and distribution of the phases, which are in turn a function of alloy composition and cooling rate. A combination different analytical techniques (light microscopy upon black-white and colour etching, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) upon deep etching, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and HV 0.01 microhardness measurement) were therefore been used for the identification of the various phases. It is therefore necessary to study their structure and impact of intermetallic phases on the mechanical properties of aluminium alloys. The paper evaluates change of absorbed energy of impact at different temperature and the effect of structural change and hardness change in alloy during the test. The experiment was realized out using Charpy hammer and Brinell hardness tester.

This paper deals with the assessment of the impact of the semi-finished product hardness and the cutting conditions of machining process on the surface roughness of the workpiece after machining. The paper shows that the hardness of the material machined layer and also its inhomogeneity have an impact on the resultant quality of the machined surface. The appreciable impact on the surface quality has also the cutting conditions size affecting at the same time the machining temperature. The machining process took place in the company WIKOV MGI J.S.B. in Hronov on the machine Hedelius BC 100 with the face-milling cutter that was attached with the replaceable cutting tips made from the sintered carbide by the company KENNAMETAL. The machining material was a cast-iron.

Aloarthroplastic is the basic surgery method in orthopaedics, which handles the insult to the normal human joint function [1]. Achieving of advance in development of knee replacements is possible only on the basis of complex and deep knowledge of those problems and on experimental judgment of physical properties of used materials including successful implantation before introduction into the practice. In orthopaedics, technology of 3D models creation and theirs application is at the beginning and there is an effort to decide what effective manner has to be used for total benefit from the viewpoint of patient medication. This long-term task can be verified only in practice.