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The presented article deals with the determination of selected mechanical properties of additive ma-terials used for 3D printing (PETG, PLA, ABS, ABS +, PLA ESD, ASA, PC / ABS). Due to the fact that 3D printing has exploded over recent years and additive manufacturing has become popular in some industries, the quality of input materials and their mechanical properties is extremely im-portant. We used 3D printer Original Prusa MK3 to prepare samples for testing. Individual samples printed from all above mentioned materials were analyzed using selected mechanical tests (static tensile test, hardness tests). In the static tensile test, selected parameters (tensile strength limit, ten-sile modulus, elongation) were determined for all additive samples, which were statistically pro-cessed. The parameters for two methods of measuring hardness were also statistically evaluated, namely Shore and ball indentation. All tested additive materials were compared with the aim of ob-taining the final ranking (point evaluation of tested materials with quantification of price costs). The best properties after the performed tests were achieved by the additive material PLA Filament Plasty Mladeč.

The development of metal structural materials with low density, high specific strength and large internal friction is extremely urgent for the development of lightweight, high speed and high power of equipment and railway. The properties, microstructure and the evolution of interfacial bonding of composite materials are closely related. In this paper, the microstructure of Ti2AlC/Mg matrix composites with double-scale three-dimensional network is mainly studied. The prepared composite material presents a three-dimensional network in macro-micro scale, and the matrix and reinforcement are connected with each other. The mechanical properties and damping properties of the prepared dual-scale three-dimensional network Ti2AlC/Mg matrix composites and magnesium alloy matrix were tested. At the same time, the equivalent modulus of three-dimensional network Ti2AlC/Mg matrix composites on microscopic scale is predicted by finite element method according to the basic properties of Ti2AlC ceramics and AZ91D. The following conclusions are drawn: the ultimate bending strength of the composite material is increased by about 10% compared with its matrix magnesium alloy, and its ability to maintain strength is greatly improved compared with the matrix. Using the extracted information, the equivalent modulus of the composite microscopic model is calculated to be 31.25734 GPa, which is consistent with the experimental results. It provides data and theoretical support for similar research.

The continuous development of construction due to the great needs of society and industry, the need to build newer and more durable buildings have meant that scientists all the time look for new opportunities to improve the quality of materials used in this field. Above all, concrete, as material commonly used in construction, has been the subject of research for many years in order to improve the properties. Already in antiquity there were the first attempts to modify the building material with fibers. Initially, they were organic fibers. However, the first patent dates from 1874, when A. Bernard patented the idea of strengthening concrete with steel filings [1]. Then, attempts were made to strengthen the concrete with long steel fibers, which was done by H. Alfsen in 1918. Further researches led N. Zitkiewic to test the strength and impact toughness of concrete with the use of pieces of mild steel wire [2]. Steel fibers in concrete were used for the first time by Romuladi and Baston in 1963. In the paper a comparative analysis of selected mechanical properties for concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete, e.g. compressive strength and Young's modulus, was presented. It was checked how the value of Young's modulus and the compressive strength of concrete change depending on the content of steel fibers. Three types of samples were tested: 1 - concrete, 2 – fiber-reinforced concrete containing 0.25% of steel fibers, 3 – fiber-reinforced concrete containing 0.50% of steel fibers. As the analysis has shown, the greater number of steel fibers is not directly proportional to the increase in its compressive strength or the value of Young's modulus.

The main aim of this case study is to present the changes caused by heat treatment on the structure and properties of 100Cr6 steel by annealing, hardening, and tempering in combination with previous chemical-heat treatment (CHT) by boriding. The boriding causes changes to the microstructure of the steel samples, which include a change in the morphology of the deposited cementite and a change in the volume of the chromium carbide particles. The cementite is transformed from its original granular form to a lamellar form. An increase in the proportion of chromium carbide particles in the sample occurs due to the higher affinity of chromium for carbon. This leads to precipitation of chromium carbides rather than carbides of iron. A multi-phase diffusion layer Fe2B-FeB with a thickness of 31 ± 2.8 µm is formed during boriding, with a typical tooth-like texture. Although the diffusion layer does not have the same toughness and resistance as the single-phase Fe2B diffusion layer, samples after boriding increase their resistance to tribological abrasion by 29 % compared to samples without this treatment. After quenching and tempering of the borided samples, a maximum tensile strength of Rm = 1779 MPa is measured. Compared to samples which are only quenched and subsequently tempered, this is an increase in tensile strength of about 59 %.

The conventional solid-state friction welding process involves imparting a movement to one of them, bringing them closer together so that there is friction from the clamping force. By overcoming the frictional resistance on the surface of the workpieces, work converted into heat is generated. The obtained heat heats the elements to a temperature close to the melting point but not exceeding it. After stopping the movement in relation to each other, the process of pressing the elements with the force P with a greater force causes plasticization of the material and the formation of a flash. In low pressure friction welding, most of the heat required for the joining process comes from the induction coil. This means that two key process parameters such as friction time and contact force are significantly reduce. This affects the course of the process and the end result of the process of joining materials. The shape and size of the flash as well as the size of the heat-affected zone in the weld will change. Among the many advantages of this method of joining metals, one should mention the possibility of welding smaller parts, thin-walled, with complicated geometry, which the friction butt welding process would not be able to cope with. Additionally, there is a possibility of heat treatment. In order to verify the feasibility of the friction welding process with low pressure in industrial conditions, a number of tests presented in this study were carried out, together with the analysis of the results. A number of proposals for the optimization of low-force friction welding with the use of artificial intelligence have also been developed has also been developed. A simpler but less effective solution is application of neural networks. It is possible due to multiple digital recording and process automation parameters with digital recording and process automation This solution approach is not as productive as the proposed hybrid algorithm combining neural networks, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithmsThe hybrid method enables you to take advantages of all three algorithms in the position optimization.

The article deals with new types of coatings and their mechanical properties. CTRN and CRONAL are newly developed coatings intended for active parts of forming tools. Their behavior and mechanical properties are still under investigation. Coatings are used for functional components in various areas of industries, their de-velopment is constantly in process. The aim of the study and the experimental solution provides a compari-son of the mechanical properties of the new coatings with the well-known coatings DLC, TiN and TiSiN. The aim of the work was to perform an analysis of CTRN and CRONAL coatings and compare their me-chanical properties with other coatings. We chose the methods of nanoindentation, hardness measurement, scratch test and layer roughness. The results will allow easy determination of the proper coating for a suitable material. The results present the specific functionality of the individual coatings.

Today, the emphasis is on the production of materials that are degradable in nature and on produc-tion with modern technologies. In order for these materials to find a suitable use, they need to be exposed to the conditions that may arise in the application. The effect of degradation was assessed for composite materials with a PLA matrix and a natural-based filler, which were processed by 3D printing technology. The progress of degradation in the climate chamber was monitored over a peri-od of 6 weeks. The results are determined by static tensile test and hardness test and the difference in weights of the test bodies. The test results confirmed. During the degradation process, the test spec-imens with natural fillers deformed less than the specimens made of pure PLA. The maximum ten-sile strength values for the material with natural fillers were approximately two thirds lower than for pure PLA. The maximum tensile strength during degradation showed an increasing or stagnant ten-dency. the maximum elongation decreased during degradation for the material with fillers showed a logarithmic behavior compared to pure PLA with a linear tendency.

This study focuses on performing the analysis of manipulator operations on the machining line of precision mechanical products using the Human-Machine correlation analysis tool through images collected from the camera, wasteful operations incurred in machining according to Lean Six Sigma (LSS) standards to control fluctuations in the machining line, improving the overall productivity of the line (OEE). Specifically, contributing to improving productivity, quality, and competitiveness of the company in the market, create a good product image for consumers. This paper proposes a 7-step quality control (QC) cycle improvement model, called 10 step QC cycle. In step 5, use Man - Machine correlation analysis tool from video images to identify wasteful activities. In step 6, we propose a Direct Numerical Control (DNC) model to call the machining program for MC machines using a barcode system and a computer vision model for human identification at each processing line according to a controlled fixed layout. The right people have been trained enough to operate the line; the specific result is eliminating the occurrence of accidents in processing from 7 cases to none. A model of a product dimensioning system implemented for fully automated product quality control combined with redesigned machining jig with a vapor sensor system eliminating the reliance on human manipulation Specifically, the result from this improvement activity is the increase in productivity from 115 products per 8 hours to 155 products per 8 hours and the handling time has decreased from 1.3 hours per day to 0.36 hours per day (reduce 0.94 hours per day). The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is used to analyze the results of the survey of employees' opinions about the usefulness, convenience, and technical factors after the operation. The results from improvement activities show that user loyalty is highly appreciated in terms of usefulness and convenience. However, in terms of technical factors, it is still necessary to improve the quality of the information network system, the barcode scanning system and the quality of barcodes in the oil environment

Nowadays the electromagnetic induction quenching approach has been widely applied in the surface treatment process, especially for the parts made by metal materials such as the crankshafts. In this paper, quantitative study was adopted in researching the strengthening effect of this technique. First the multi-physics simulation was achieved to carry out the key information caused by this approach such as the temperature and residual stress distribution property. Then the fatigue limit load prediction was conducted based on the simulation results and the theory of critical distance. Finally corresponding experimental verification was performed to check the accuracy of the predictions. The results showed that the combination of the critical point method and the Goodmen mean stress model can provide highest accuracy in the prediction. While for the critical line method, the Gerbera mean stress model is the most suitable choice.

At present, electromagnetic induction quenching and nitriding are two commonly used surface strengthening approaches applied in improving the strength of the steel parts. In this paper, a comparative study was proposed to research the strengthening effect of these two technologies in improving the fatigue strength of steel crankshaft. First a modified statistical analysis approach of the fatigue limit load was proposed to obtain the distribution of the fatigue limit load. Then two types of steel crankshafts were selected to be the object of research and treated by these two techniques. Finally the standard T and F hypothesis testing methods were conducted in evaluation the strengthening effect. The results showed that compared with the nitriding approach, the electromagnetic induction approach can improve the fatigue strength of the steel crankshaft more obviously, thus is more suitable for engineering applications.

Polyvinyl butyral is a material that is widely used in the manufacture of laminated glass sheets. Polyvinyl butyral film is widely used as an intermediate layer for laminated automotive or architectural glass. The intermediate layer primarily ensures the safety function of the laminated glass. Other advantages of laminated glass with a polyvinyl butyral interlayer include that it can be adapted to perform other functions, including acoustic functions, anti-reflection functions or functions enabling information to be projected on the glass with this interlayer. In this work, the influence of further processing of polyvinyl butyral film with non-uniform thickness is studied. Further processing may have a negative impact to the profile of PVB material.

This article deals with the calculation of pressure vessels for beer maturation using analytical calcula-tion according to ČSN standards and with the help of commercial software PVESS. The article pre-sents commonly used procedures in the design of pressure vessels, resp. vessels for use in the brewing industry in the assembly of pressure vessels stacked on top of each other. The article describes the main parts of the brewery tanks, including the procedure for their design. The choice of materials used, the choice of basic dimensions of pressure vessels was determined in the work. The tank vessel is made of stainless steel 1.4301 or 1.4541. The advantages of this material in the brewing industry are also presented. From the given input parameters, a control calculation of the strength of pressure vessels was performed. The result of the work was the verification of the calculation, finding out the deviations of the measurements using mathematical software with a common calculation according to the valid standards for the calculation of pressure vessels.

The use of most commercial magnesium alloys is limited to working at normal temperatures. The excellent ratio between the mechanical properties and the density of magnesium alloys necessarily leads to the development of new types of alloys that would be usable even at elevated temperatures. This would significantly increase the applicability of these alloys where steels or aluminum alloys are still used, especially in the transport industry. The problem with today's high temperature resistant magnesium alloys is the need to use expensive rare earth alloys. Significantly cheaper alloys of magnesium with zirconium and calcium are studied in this work. The microstructure, mechanical properties under pressure at the temperatures of 20, 150, 200 and 250 ° C were studied for several alloys with different contents of Zr and Ca. Furthermore, the stability of alloys during their long-term temperature exposure was studied. A very positive effect of the studied additives on the properties of alloys was found, which gives these alloys a very promising perspective in the future.

After the Fukushima accident in 2011 year, ATF nuclear fuel cladding concept was accelerated to achieve the reactor operation with the new accident tolerant structural materials. However, several designed solutions do not fulfil the accident tolerant concept but particularly increase the corrosion resistance of Zr-cladding tubes at normal operating conditions, so-called “Advaced Technology Fuel, EATF”. Cr-coated zirconium claddings following the first concept, have been the widely tested and the first full Cr-coated fuel rods have been planned to operate in LWR reactor conditions around the 2022 year. Our contribution describes the Cr-coated Zr-%1Nb cladding tube microstructure after high-temperature steam oxidation at 1200°C by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy and nanoindenta-tion methods. The article is focused on WDS line-profile studies of oxygen and chromium diffusion into the Zr-matrix. The increased Cr-diffusion with oxygen is evident causing a change in local me-chanical properties which is well-described by measurements of nanohardness and Young's modulus. In addition, the developed methodology of the WDS & nanoindentation line-analyses was also opti-mized to apply in hot-cell conditions to measure the effect of neutron-irradiation on the different coat-ings and coating/matrix interface.

Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM) is a recent metal sintering process based on known composite printing technology. ADAM can be classified as indirect additive production using fibre of metal powder bound in a plastic matrix. The plastic binder allows the metal powder to remain in place when is printing. Thus, a "green part" is printed and then the plastic binder is removed by the post-washing and sintering process. The aim of this work is providing a brief description of the ADAM process patented by Markforged. Furthermore, the main task was to compare the technology with other sintering technology, namely SLM technology. It works on the basis of selective bonding of metal powder using the thermal energy of the laser beam. Parameters, such as dimensional and shape accuracy, roughness of printed surfaces or tensile strength of printed samples were examined and compared. Dimensional accuracy of the ADAM process was evaluated using ISO IT grades - determined on the basis of the reference standard. The observed accuracy of the sintering process was comparable to traditional production processes.

Titanium aluminides were prepared using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) from powder aluminium and compact Ti-6Al-4V alloy at 800 °C. The resulting material was subsequently annealed at the same temperature for 3 hours. The coating was successfully bonded to the matrix using SHS while forming intermetallic phases of cubic TiAl3 in areas of powdered aluminium. The resulting coating was approximately 14 μm thick. Material annealing resulted in further reactions between the TiAl3 coating and Ti-6Al-4V matrix, forming a thin layer of γ-TiAl. Using SEM, the different phase composition of annealed and unannealed material was clearly visible, however, clear determination of emerging phases was very difficult due to the small thickness of the intermetallic coating. Eventually, phases were determined by a combination of cross-section μ-XRD and various EDS analyses.

The article deals with the wear of the blades of the delimber device of harvester head. An input analysis of the materials of the fixed knife and movable arm parts was performed. It consisted of chemical analysis, evaluation of microstructure and hardness measurement by HRC and HB methods. The original welded joint was analyzed, which ensured the connection of the blade and the fixed, resp. movable arm mechanism. Based on the findings, two blade replacement solutions have been proposed. The first was the application of hard metal by an OK 84.58 electrode and second use HARDOX 450 by welding with a fixed part or a mechanical gripping with screws. This was recommended based on previous research at the Faculty of Technology. The hardnesses of the original blade material were compared with the proposed solutions. The correctness of the proposed methods will be verified in the future and in operation.

The article presents the results of the use of quality instruments – tools and techniques – in order to reduce surface defects of steel structures on the example of a selected element – engine cover of asphalt milling machines. The article shows the potential of using selected quality tools – basic and new – in the service of quality analysis and improvement. Quantitative analyzes were presented out using the Pareto-Lorenz diagram and the c control chart, qualitative analyzes using the Ishikawa diagram and the FMEA method, quantitative & qualitative analyzes using the interrelationship diagram and matrix diagram, and it was proposed quality improvement using qualitative tools such as affinity diagram, and PDPC diagram. The most common defects of painted surfaces turned out to be improper thickness and surface contamination. As it has been shown, the experience of employees is largely responsible for the cause of these defects, which was also confirmed by other analyses carried out with the use of quality tools. The training was the most frequent method of prevention. It has also been shown that special attention should be paid to quality control, its effectiveness, and quantity. The article proves that correctly used quality tools can contribute to the improvement of the quality of manufactured products, helps in solving various quality problems.

This paper focuses on the issues of tool thermal deformation during machine preheating，designing an image-processing-based solution for measuring these tool thermal deformation, to obtain the axial thermal error of the tool as a function of preheating time.This paper uses a high-speed camera to collect images of tool thermal deformation. Using MATLAB software, rough localization of images by Canny algorithm for edge extraction. Accurately locating tool edge outlines using a sub-pixel fitted edge detection method, that is, using the least squares method to fit a tool tip arc curve. From this, the thermal deformation during tool preheating is calculated. This study will serve as a basis for the compensation of thermal errors in machine tools.

Leading manufacturers and sellers of products in the field of rolling bearings for the automotive in-dustry guarantee their quality. Extensive product testing is required to guarantee quality. When test-ing wheel bearings, bending fatigue test stations are used, among other things, to verify the strength of components. The content of the presented work is the analysis of the effect of bending moment on the temperature of a newly wound wheel bearing of the 3rd generation, based on experimental measurements. These are dynamic tests of the strength of wheel bearing components at a resonant test station. This verification is very important and has the effect of preventing the start of mass pro-duction of components that do not meet the basic safety requirements.

Providing products with higher quality and lower prices is considered to be a competitive advantage for the industrial firms over competitors. This main challenge can be achieved by minimizing the overall production costs and operational time. Lean manufacturing provides many tools and techniques to iden-tify and eliminate wastes and to reduce costs in production systems. In this paper, single minute ex-change of die (SMED) technique is used as a lean manufacturing approach in a leading Palestinian aluminum profiles company. SMED was implemented through real experimental procedures applied to the extrusion line processes to investigate its effect on decreasing the setups time and improving the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) of the extrusion machine, in addition to introduce a guide for practitioners to improve the extrusion process dies exchange in similar industries. Overall, the successful implementation of SMED resulted in an increase of OEE by 3.26% as the consequence of the increase of machine availability by 4.86%.

Superalloys are a group of alloys developed for use during long-term heat exposure above 650 °C. Properties and applications of superalloys are described in the present work. The work includes statis-tics about superalloys demand, market value and the current price. Division of superalloys according to basic element is mentioned. Nickel-based superalloys are further divided into two groups accord-ing to their use. Afterwards, the paper is focused mainly on nickel-based superalloys. Examples of nickel-based superalloys are listed in the work. Recycling possibilities of nickel-based superalloys are stated and analysed. General scheme of processing nickel-based superalloy scrap with regard to the content of rhenium is proposed and shortly discussed. The best-known companies dealing with sup-eralloy scrap recycling are mentioned further.

The presented paper deals with the design of a knee simulator that uses pin-on-ball configuration, ie cartilage and CoCrMo head. The translational motion consists of the cartilage and the rotating head when the load of the articulating pair is derived. The simulator meets the predetermined kinematic conditions according to the ISO 14243-3 standard, including dynamic loading. The simulator is able to record the coefficient of friction during the test, which helps to understand the biotribological processes in the knee. The structural part of the simulator is preceded by a research part, in which the existing simulators and tribometers, which helped to create this design, are analyzed. In the experimental part, specific elements (drives, sensors, etc.) are selected that meet the defined boundary conditions, and the method of friction measurement is determined. The paper concludes with an overall evaluation of the proposed knee joint simulator, which will be able to achieve the conditions according to ISO 14243-3 and at the same time record the course of the coefficient of friction between the cartilage surface and the CoCrMo head.

The atomic force microscopy is method used to obtain surface properties of various materials, includ-ing surface morphology, local magnetization, conductivity and mechanical properties. In this work the atomic force microscope was used to investigate properties of rubber compounds. Three samples made of different rubber compounds that varied in filler content were studied in order to determinate their homogeneity and ratios of their Young’s moduli. Images of their surface topography were ob-tained and then on each sample five places were chosen where spectroscopic curves representing force – distance dependence were scanned. Parts of these curves from which Young’s modulus can be determined were approximated by linear functions and their slope was calculated. Slope values close to each other suggest similar values of Young’s modulus. By their comparison it was determined whether even distribution of ingredients in rubber compound can be assumed and thus the blending process to produce these compounds can be considered sufficient.

This paper focuses on the implementation of principles of Industry 4.0 concept to the ceramic industry. The topic of this paper is to address the problematics of the implementation of processes and elements of digitization within the Industry 4.0 concept into the ceramic industry. Firstly, thorough literature and best-practice research will be discussed. Based on the state of current knowledge, the concept of the Industry 4.0 Readiness Model for Refractory will be presented. The model’s main focus is on the readiness of current business structures, processes and technical and economical situation. It will provide the necessary analysis and insight into the potential company’s processes and background. Based on this analysis, it will be possible to define the main obstacles for future digitalization and automation within Industry 4.0 the concept in Refractory industry. On the foundation of data obtained by Industry 4.0 Readiness Model for Refractory, it will be possible to implement the Industry 4.0 solutions with the highest added value to a specific company, based on its current state. The main purpose of this paper is to summarize and discuss key parameters and framework for Industry 4.0 Readiness Model for Refractory and its connection to future implementation of Industry 4.0 features within the ceramic industry.

The present contribution examines the structures of and corrosion processes in copper-basalt composite laser claddings on a steel substrate. The cladding material was a laboratory mixture of the following components: Oerlikon METCO 55 (Cu > 99.9 %) + basalt dust. In this investigation, metallographic structures of copper-basalt composite laser claddings were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The adhesion of the claddings to the substrate was testing using the non-standardized Mercedes test. A potentiodynamic corrosion test in artificial mine water was performed on a specimen of the composite laser cladding. The test results were compared against those for a reference high-purity copper standard and AISI 304 steel. The findings were interpreted in terms of the potential of using copper-basalt composite laser claddings as corrosion protection coatings on steel components in nuclear power generation.

In this paper, innovative resistance element welding (REW) technology for joining galvanized steel sheets to thermoplastics (PMMA) is introduced. The essence of the innovation is in the use of a special bimetallic joining element consisting of the core made of a Sn60Pb solder, and the sleeve made of a Cu tube. During resistance heating, the solder melts, thus allowing the formation of a metallurgical joint with galvanized steel sheet. Since Sn60Pb solder melting occurs at temperatures (from 183 to 190 °C) be-low the thermal decomposition temperature of most thermoplastics (for PMMA above 300 °C), there is no thermal destruction of the PMMA material around the joint. The mechanical fixation of the thermo-plastic material at the overlap joint is provided by the sleeve made of Cu tube which has a substantially higher strength than a Sn60Pb solder.

This paper investigates the replacement of a conventional steel coil spring with a composite disc spring with the aim of minimizing its weight. Simulation in the CAD system Siemens NX 12 was used to determine the composite disc spring’s behavior. The regression functions were stated based on the numerical simulation. Based on the regression functions the solution with the minimum weight was found using software programmed in Matlab. The prototype discs were manufactured from carbon fibre prepreg. Their load-deflection characteristics were tested and compared with the designed values. The experimental results show that using this solution reduces the weight by about 30% in this case.

This work discussed the corrosion behavior of the internal surface of pipeline steel caused by the composition of petroleum products, particularly crude oil. Internal and external pipeline corrosion is the notable cause of pipeline failure in Malaysia’s oil and gas industry. However, internal corrosion is preferred to be concerned in this work because it involved one of the major corrosive media in the crude oil, such as sulfur content. This project aim is to find the sulfur concentration in the crude oil using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The corrosion rate, corrosion current and corrosion potential of the API 5L X65 grade carbon steel pipeline in different simulated H2SO4 solution concentrations were carried out using the Tafel extrapolation technique. The corrosion properties of the samples were morphologically measured by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analyses. The results showed that the corrosion rate of the pipeline steel significantly increased with the increasing H2SO4 concentrations. The corrosion products formed on the pipeline steel surfaces were mainly composed of iron sulfate, iron sulfide and iron oxide. These findings are crucial to understanding the corrosion behavior caused by the crude oil and should be further investigate with the other possible influence factors such as temperature and petroleum’s flowing velocity.

When electrical energy is drawn by electric vehicles from charging stations at charging process the voltage drops and increased current loading of cable lines in distribution grid occur. Inasmuch the electrical grid is insufficiently dimensioned or at large amount electric vehicles concurrently charges without controlled charging system, the voltages could decrease under desired level in grid points. This leads to the deterioration of voltage quality in given grid. The higher cables current loading leads to active power losses increase and decrease their service life. The paper describes the utilisation of modelling the electric vehicles when charging by power load model in physical diagram implemented into alternative simulation software. The created charging station load model is used for solving of voltage studies in distribution grid and for the analysis of cable lines ampacity. The grid contains a small number of points and low penetration of charging stations. Voltage levels are solved when random operation of charging stations during the working day without controlled system. For other loads, the typified daily loads diagrams of households are used.