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A constant tension cable reel based on planetary gear transmission is introduced. The parameters of the mechanism are determined to analyze the speed and torque of the transfer mechanism. The relationship between the thread pitch and cable type show that different cable models require different parameters for the constant tension cable reel. The mechanism is designed to automatically adjust the force required for cable pulling and maintain a constant maximum tension. Then the relationship between the moment and speed of each output shaft is analyzed, and the operation mode of the cable reel was explained. The experimental results show that the proposed cable reel can pull the cable flexibly while providing the required constant tension, without damaging the cable and extending its service life. The pitch of the screw-thread pair is directly related to the required tension of the cable and the cable diameter. If the power supply cable model is different, the parameters of constant tension cable reel are also different.

The article is dedicated to research on the elimination of high iron content (above 3-4%) in aluminium alloys through sedimentation. The aim was to determine the effect of sedimentation time on reducing the iron content in material from a refining bath with high iron content and to identify the phases formed in the structure. Melts were prepared from the material obtained from the refining bath, which consisted of an AlSi12 alloy with 3-4% Fe content. After melting, sedimentation was carried out for 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. Sedimentation was conducted while maintaining the alloy in a liquid state throughout the entire sedimentation period. After sedimentation and cooling of the castings, samples were taken to prepare metallographic specimens, and analyses were conducted to measure the iron content in the individual samples and to observe the reduction of iron content depending on the sedimentation time. Additionally, the identification and description of the intermetallic phases formed in the structures of the sedimenting castings from the refining bath were carried out using a scanning electron microscope with EDS analysis.

With the increasing demand for high-quality flange, there is a greater need for high-quality and high-speed machining technology. Aiming at the difficulty of surface roughness in meeting design requirements and poor machining stability of 7075 aluminum alloy, the classical Design of Experiments (DOE) method is employed to optimize the machining parameters and identify eight pertinent factors. By selecting the feed rate and cutting speed as the two significant factors, a  mathematical model of roughness is derived, and the theoretically optimal machining parameters are determined. According to corresponding experimental results, the roughness, the parallelism of the two end faces of the flange, and machining efficiency, in order to further validate the accuracy of the model. The final processing parameters are 0.07 mm.r^-1 feed rate and 1100 m.min^-1 cutting speed, which provide a reference for actual production.

With the development of 3D technology, more and more materials are being used for manufacturing and used in many fields, such as factory manufacturing, workshop manufacturing, food packaging, and even architectural design and civil engineering design. In particular, the mechanical properties of the 3D printed HIPS polymer unit cell structure are worthy of research and analysis, providing more valuable references for future material development. This study focused on the properties of HIPS polymer materials and the performance of HIPS polymer 3D printed lattice structures after Instron instrument compression testing. The experimental samples were divided into 4 groups and there were 4 different experimental variables for analysis and comparison. Finally, it was found through analysis that the HIPS polymer material has good compression resistance, and the structure is relatively stable. It can be used more in the fields of manufacturing, architectural design and civil engineering in the future.

The restriction of lead content in alloys for the production of the solder based on the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union of 08.06.2011 which is also known as RoHS (Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment), had a very positive impact on the research of lead-free solder alloys as well as on the economic impact on the production of solders. It opened the door to issues relating to the mechanical properties of lead-free solders and the microhardness of formed joints, increasing their quality and efforts to reduce production costs. Lead, as an element that is part of the earth's crust, is also men-tioned in his study by u-Wook Lee, Hoon Choi at all: Toxic effects of lead exposure on bioaccu-mulation, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and immune responses in fish, in which he states how lead atoms can form a flexible bond with oxygen atoms and lead exposure causes a wide range of physiological effects. Besides the production efficiency increase, without the need for manual re-moval of so-called slagging, the moderation of oxide formation on the melt surface standing for the increase of the yield of the total amount of solder represents one of the many factors influencing the production of lead-free alloys for tin-based soldering. This work deals with the issues of material selection for the production of lead-free solders. Temperature affects the formation of different phases when there is the change in the concentration of the elements involved because it can be negative aspect for soldering. Therefore, it is necessary to have detailed knowledge on all the process which takes place during the temperature changes.

With the rising demand for efficient, lightweight support structures in high-energy physics experiments, advanced manufacturing techniques and material optimization are key to achieving high-performance designs. This study focuses on the application of generative design and topological optimization in the development of support structures for the FCC muon spectrometer. By leveraging these methods, we maximized material efficiency and minimized weight while ensuring structural integrity and meeting strict design constraints, including non-magnetic properties, minimal deformation, and high precision. A detailed evaluation was conducted with respect to manufacturing techniques that balance perfor-mance with cost-effectiveness, resulting in multiple design iterations of optimized truss configurations. This approach demonstrates the potential of modern manufacturing technologies in enhancing the structural and economic viability of components for large-scale scientific equipment.

When analyzing the natural frequencies of a gear mechanism, it's crucial to consider the mesh stiffness, which is influenced by the number of teeth in the mesh. Mesh stiffness behaves as an internal excitation source for the dynamic system, affecting the resulting frequency spectrum. This paper presents an experimental determination of gear mesh stiffness supported by analytical-simulation models of mesh stiffness, outlining common modeling methods and detailing the experimental setup and test specimens. The obtained data are then compared with simulation models of mesh stiffness, discussing the significance of this comparison and emphasizing the role of experimental data in validating and refining existing models of mesh stiffness. The experimental measurement of mesh stiffness described here emerges as a valuable tool for accurately representing mesh stiffness during engagement.

This paper presents a new method of improving the material removal process in metal cutting. Chip formation plays an important factor in the metal cutting process and increasing its condition has a great impact on cutting machine details. Based on lubricating cooling conditions in the metal cutting process, a novel methodology is proposed to decrease the deformation that emerged in the material removal process while cutting cylindrical details in lathes. Application of stating magnetic field on flowing cutting fluids decreased the shrinkage of the chip in turning operation. Analytical and practical experiments show that the effect of cutting fluid under the influence of a static magnetic field decreased the shrinkage of the chip up to 20 % in comparison to the conventional use of cutting fluids in turning cylindrical pars with HSS tools.

This paper explores the investigation of a natural alloy processed using the rapid solidification tech-nique. The study involves the reduction of manganese nodules through aluminothermy with a 20 wt. % excess of aluminum, followed by further processing of the resulting alloy using the melt-spinning process. The obtained melt-spun ribbons were subjected to a comprehensive analysis, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy for microstructure observation, and EDS analysis for local chemical composition. The research unveiled that the rapidly solidified ribbons consist of several key phases, including β-Mn, the Heusler phase Mn2FeSi, and an intermetallic phase (Cu,Mn)3(Al,Si). Im-portantly, the phase composition exhibited notable differences from that of the as-reduced alloy, with a reduced number of phases in the rapidly solidified ribbons. Notably, the phase composition re-mained stable even after annealing, demonstrating the robustness of the rapidly solidified material. Impressively, the material exhibited a remarkable hardness of approximately 800 HV 0.1, even after 100 hours of annealing at temperatures of 500 and 750°C.

The article deals with the experimental measurement of the load on the cervical vertebrae when driving a passenger car over bumps. The measurement was done experimentally. The load on the human spine was measured in the area of the C7 cervical vertebra and also in the area of the top of the head. Vehicle crossings over speed bumps. The measurement was carried out at different crossing speeds and at different heights of speed bumps. Three-axis acceleration sensors were placed on selected parts of the vehicle and on the human body. The proposed measurement methodology was verified by the conducted pilot experiment for the possibility of conducting further experiments. The results of the work showed that the crew of vehicles in road transport is more stressed than previous scientific findings indicate.

Aiming at the problem of feature extraction and fault recognition for rolling bearings, a fault diagnosis mthod based on multi-scale entropy and ensemble learning is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the variable mode decomposition algorithm is used to decompose the vibration signal, and then the cross-correlation number method is used to reconstruct the signal to realize the signal denoising. Subsequently, in order to improve the effectiveness of feature extraction for rolling bearings, a feature extraction method based on Refined Composite Multiscale Reverse Permutation Entropy (RCMRPE) is proposed. Then, in order to improve the accuracy of rolling bearing fault identification, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis model based on Stacking- CatBoost ensemble learning. Finally, relevant experiments were conducted on signal denoising, feature extraction, and fault recognition. The RCMRPE entropy extraction method was compared with the common entropy extraction methods, and the proposed fault diagnosis model was compared with the common machine learning models. The experimental results show that the feature extraction error based on RCMRPE is small and can comprehensively reflect the actual fault information of bearings; the accuracy and recall of the fault diagnosis model based on Stacking- CatBoost ensemble learning are both above 99%, and the diagnostic effect is significantly better than other models.

Manufacturing inaccuracies in vehicle suspension systems inevitably lead to uncertainties in the parameters of their structural components. Simultaneously, the road excitation impacting nonlinear vehicle systems exhibits pronounced randomness and time-variant characteristics. Consequently, it is crucial to conduct a stochastic dynamics analysis on nonlinear suspension systems, taking into account these uncertain factors. In this paper, a seven-degree-of-freedom (7-DOF) nonlinear suspension system dynamics model has been established. The stochastic process of road irregularities is simulated using the harmonic superposition method. Moreover, based on the direct probability density integral method, the stochastic dynamic equations of the nonlinear suspension system and their corresponding solution strategies have been developed and explored. Through MATLAB, the time-varying probability density function of the vibration response for a nonlinear vehicle suspension system was calculated under the combined effects of stochastic road irregularity excitation and random coupling of system structural parameters. Additionally, analyses were conducted on how different coefficients of variation and the intensity of nonlinearity in the suspension system influence the probability density of the output body displacement of the nonlinear vehicle suspension system. The research outcomes demonstrate that the direct probability density integral method offers superior efficiency and accuracy when computing nonlinear vehicle suspension systems. Furthermore, altering the coefficients of variation for various system parameters reveals that as these coefficients increase, the disparity in the probability density of body displacement becomes more pronounced, leading to more intense vehicle vibrations. Under soft nonlinear conditions with lower suspension spring stiffness, the probability density function of body displacement shifts slightly to the right with minimal change. However, under strong nonlinear conditions, body displacement significantly increases, resulting in diminished vibration isolation capabilities of the suspension system. This leads to severe jolts and a noticeable decline in ride comfort during vehicle operation.

Unfortunately, in connection with the application of the Actavia anti-plagiarism system, we cannot accurately describe our paper, which deals with the production of non-compact materials based on zinc and tin alloys, which have a higher density than aluminium (ρ = 2700 kg.m^-3 ) and its alloys, such as zinc alloys (ρ = 6980 kg.m^-3 ) or tin (ρ = 7580 kg.m^-3 ). Test samples were prepared from these materials, which were characterized by material non-compactness based on the use of NaCl particles. For this purpose, two different size groups of NaCl particles (3 to 5 mm and 5 to 7 mm) were used. In the production of non-compact metallic materials, it is assumed that half of the volume of the workpiece cavity will be occupied by NaCl particles and half of the volume of the work piece cavity will be filled with a melt of the relevant alloy (ZnAl4Cu1 or Sn89Pb). This is different from our previous experiments [24, 25]. In the case of this paper, the fabrication consisted in the fact that in a spe-cial preparation, the melt of the respective alloy was forced between the NaCl particles. The produced samples of non-compact material were analyzed and their specific gravities were determined. In a standard manner (as may be against the findings of the Actavia system), the microstructure was observed on an electron microscope and EDS analysis was also performed. It is anticipated that the non-compact materials thus produced from these two alloys will be used to produce not only filters but also bodies for liquid hydrogen storage.

In the realm of engineering the quest for optimization is ceaseless. This article explores the intricate relation-ship between cubic equations and the practical world of production technologies, unearthing the profound connections that underpin mathematical symmetry and its role in engineering. Cubic equations, often arising in the analysis of mechanical systems, electric circuits, and robotics, serve as indispensable tools for under-standing and enhancing real-world applications. This study delves into the methods for finding the roots of cubic equations, shedding light on the vital role of mathematics in engineering and manufacturing technology.

The aim of the research was to assess the influence of additions of different proportions of alumini-um waste chips from the machining technology on the melt quality and final properties of AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy casts. All casts were created using by gravity casting technology into preheated metal mold. The first cast was a pure AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy, followed by other samples with contents of 10, 30, 50, 70 wt.% of aluminum waste chips in the batches. All the samples were subjected to the Brinnel hardness and Vickers microhardness of solid solution of α(Al). Also, Density index was measured. At the end of research, the microstructures of the samples were analyzed using a Laser Confocal Microscope Olympus Lext OLS 5000.

Over the last decades, nickel-based superalloys with TBC coatings have been used as the main material for hot section turbine parts. The next step in the development of engines and increasing the combustion temperature is the use of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC). Nevertheless, in the presence of water vapour or molten salts, accelerated degradation of substrate material. This problems can be pre-vented by additional layers or coatings produced on its surface, or combinations of layers and coatings that form Environmental Barrier Coatings (EBCs). The aim of the research was the preparation of sam-ples of a mixture of erbium oxide powders with silicon oxide with the addition of: polyvinyl alcohol, starch and cellulose gum. Then their technological properties were examined. A mixture with the most favourable properties was selected and sprayed using HV-APS method using with various process parameters and investigated. Conducted research showed that energy of HV-APS process is too low for synthesis of erbium disilicate in the resulting coating. The material was only melted, not vaporized. Making powder agglomerates with an average size of 150 μm with the addition of 3% PVA leads to a significant decrease in the surface area of powder grains. This results in a significant increase in flowability and allows it to be used as a charge material for APS plasma spraying.

Laser cladding technology, a novel surface modification technique, is widely employed in tasks such as metal surface strengthening and repair. However, the quality post-cladding often falls short of usage requirements, harbouring defects like cracks and pores. In pursuit of a crack-free cladding method, surface texture technology is integrated with laser cladding technology to establish a multi-field coupled numerical simulation model. This model investigates the temperature, stress, and fluid fields during laser cladding with and without texture, aiming to identify the optimal cladding parameters. The results indicate that the optimal cladding parameters are a laser power of 1200 W, a scanning speed of 7 mm.s^-1, and a spot radius of 2 mm. In comparison with cladding without texture, the minimum temperature has increased by approximately 50 %, while the peak temperature has remained almost unchanged. The maximum residual stress of the cladding layer without texture is 369.46 MPa, whereas that of the cladding layer with pre-set texture is 338.46 MPa, representing a reduction of approximately 8.39 %. The bottom of the cladding layer has decreased by about 29.1 %, effectively enhancing the mechanical properties at the metallurgical bond of the cladding layer. The pre-set texture induces a decreasing trend in the flow velocity inside the molten pool, eliminating the double-vortex effect, and resulting in a more uniform temperature distribution within the molten pool, consequently reducing the residual stress of the cladding layer. This paper employs multi-field coupled numerical simulation technology to monitor the internal state of the molten pool, offering insights for enhancing the quality of the cladding layer in subsequent endeavours.

Variable Polarity Plasma Arc-Metal Inert Gas (VPPA-MIG) welding process is a new hybrid welding process with broad application prospects for aluminum alloy structure in the fields of aerospace manufacturing, transportation and others. The heat source of the hybrid welding process is composed of VPPA heat source and MIG heat source. When the total input energy of VPPA-MIG hybrid heat source is constant, the different energy ratio of VPPA arc and MIG arc affects not only the forming effect of hybrid weld, but also the stress distribution of hybrid welding joint. Hole-drilling method was used to analyze the influence of the ratio of VPPA and MIG arc energy on the distribution of welding residual stress in the process of 10 mm 7A52 aluminum alloy VPPA-MIG hybrid welding. The results show that the peak magnitude of hybrid welding residual stress increases with the increase of the ratio of VPPA arc energy. Considering the appearance of weld forming, VPPA-MIG hybrid welding parameters of 7A52 aluminum alloy are optimized on the basis of the distribution characteristic of residual stress. When the ratio of VPPA arc energy is selected between 35% and 40%, the peak magnitude of transverse residual stress is (in the direction vertical to the weld) no more than 92.0 MPa, and the peak magnitude of longitudinal residual stress(in the direction parallel to the weld) is no more than 234.3 MPa. It shows that the VPPA-MIG hybrid welding with optimized parameters can not only produce weld joint with satisfied macroscopic appearance, but also avoid high peak magnitude of residual stress.

Casting with a disposable pattern is a method employed to produce intricate-shaped castings. This manufacturing technique falls into the near-net shape methods category, which ensures that the result-ing castings closely resemble the final components. Its primary application lies in industries where pre-cision and complex castings are of paramount importance. Typically, castings manufactured using this method utilize higher-cost materials. The focus of this study centres on the utilization of reverse engi-neering in the production, modification, and inspection of wax injection moulds during the casting pro-cess. Within the scope of this investigation, a non-contact method employing the Kreon arm with the Aqulion scanner was implemented. This method facilitated the generation of a digital scan, serving as the foundation for designing and validating the mould for subsequent practical application.

The growing use of composite materials in various industries implies the necessity of conducting research on both their manufacture and subsequent machining. One of the main problems in composite machining is the selection of a suitable cutting tool. This study investigates the effect of the geometry and material of a milling cutter on the quality of a milled composite part. A carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite was tested. Two cutting tools were used: an end mill with PCD inserts with a diameter of 12 mm and the number of teeth of 3 as well as a PCD-coated carbide end mill with a diameter of 12 mm and the number of teeth of 4. Variable technological parameters were used. The quality of the machined surfaces was assessed based on burr height and selected profile roughness parameters. Results showed that for the milling process conducted with the same technological parameters, the surface quality obtained with the 4-tooth PCD-coated carbide tool was higher than that obtained with the 3-tooth tool with PCD inserts.

The presented article deals with the determination of selected mechanical properties of additive ma-terials used for 3D printing (PETG, PLA, ABS, ABS +, PLA ESD, ASA, PC / ABS). Due to the fact that 3D printing has exploded over recent years and additive manufacturing has become popular in some industries, the quality of input materials and their mechanical properties is extremely im-portant. We used 3D printer Original Prusa MK3 to prepare samples for testing. Individual samples printed from all above mentioned materials were analyzed using selected mechanical tests (static tensile test, hardness tests). In the static tensile test, selected parameters (tensile strength limit, ten-sile modulus, elongation) were determined for all additive samples, which were statistically pro-cessed. The parameters for two methods of measuring hardness were also statistically evaluated, namely Shore and ball indentation. All tested additive materials were compared with the aim of ob-taining the final ranking (point evaluation of tested materials with quantification of price costs). The best properties after the performed tests were achieved by the additive material PLA Filament Plasty Mladeč.

Natural fibre-reinforced polymer (NFRP) composites can be environmentally friendly and cost-effective alter-natives to synthetic fibre-reinforced composites. Major industries have expressed significant interest in the advancement of new natural fibre-reinforced composite materials. However, these materials perform poorly on their own and require further analysis since accessible information is lacking in the literature. This paper presents the results of previously reported works on natural fibre reinforced polymer composites, with strong attention to the types of fibres employed, the polymers used in the matrix, the treatment of fibres as well as the test parameters. The best proportion of composites is consequently selected. Composite materials are tested using a CNC router machine. Pinewood dust is combined with vinyl ester resin. A hand layup tech-nique is used to prepare the samples. The availability of relevant pinewood dust and the volume of pine wood dust to be used are first determined to continue with the experiment. According to the findings, the impact of machining performance is successfully evaluated by employing the tensile strength test, Charpy impact test, flexural strength test and surface roughness measurement. The findings are derived from the microscopic assessment of the surface roughness of pinewood dust (PWD) fibre reinforced vinyl ester resin.

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) or sintering of polymer powders is one of the most well-known additive technologies for printing 3D components. The properties of individual polymer powder materials have a significant impact on the quality of the manufactured part. Potential deformation and shrinkage can occur during printing if a significant number of parts are piled on top of one another or are oriented incorrectly, accumulating thermal energy in certain areas. The aforementioned research focuses on an experimental study to investigate the impact of the distribution and orientation of printing samples in the build chamber on the accuracy of dimensions and the surface roughness of PA12 prints. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of model settings during production as well as the effect of individual factors on the properties of manufactured parts, with a focus on ensuring that heat rises evenly from each print without accumulating.

This article deals with the comparison of the wear of indexable CNMG carbide inserts from two dif-ferent manufacturers when turning austenitic stainless steel 1.4404, which is not intended as the pri-mary material to be machined from the point of view of the tested inserts. The main goal was to demonstrate the different course of wear by testing inserts of the same type according to ISO 6987 showing the connection between the design and processing of the inserts in connection with the se-lected cutting parameters. The monitored type of wear was the main flank wear VBmax, depending on the length of the machining time. Optical and electron microscopes were used to analyze the flank wear. According to the assumption, it was found that the layout of the cutting edge geometry and coating layers has a noticeable effect on the degree of wear of the evaluated cutting inserts. At the same time, it was found that the tested indexable inserts achieved very good service life values de-spite the fact that the tested material does not belong to the primary use group. Evaluation of cutting tool wear has a significant economic potential for manufacturing companies seeking to minimize costs by trying to use as many universal cutting tools as possible or looking for opportunities to ex-pand the applications of already used cutting tools.

Article deals with processing of intermetallic materials produced by powder metallurgy M390 and M398 Microclean® produced by Böhler. Main interest is the analysis & measurement of their surface rough-ness and topography after the processing by DNMG and WNMG geometry of cutting inserts with 0.4 and 0.8 mm radius after hard turning at the same process parameters for both materials and all types of cutting inserts. The comparative studies were carried out for the microgeometrical and chip formation research on the machined surfaces and the technological processes were assessed, including chip dia-grams. Spectral analysis was used to verify the composition of investigated materials by spectral analysis measuring device. In order to examine the surfaces in detail, in addition to the standard roughness measurement, surface topography was performed by the coherent correlation interferometric micro-scope. The results of surface roughness as well as topography show higher wear resistance of M398 ma-terial compared to M390. This was confirmed indirectly by the fact that it is primarily shown by the higher surface roughness of M398 after machining under the same conditions. These properties are ob-tained by a higher content of additive elements, respectively of their carbides. Based on the conclusions of these experiments, additional knowledge and recommendations for the processing of these materials were created.

The article deals with the possibility of increasing mechanical and utility properties by means of regenerative heat treatment. Experimental program is focused on the heat treatment of low-alloy heat-resistant steel EN ISO 14MoV6-3. This steel has been used since the 1970s for high-temperature exposed components in practically all coal-fired thermal power plants in the Czech Republic. Thus, steel EN ISO 14MoV6-3 is currently the best studied refractory material whose data, collected from experimental creep behaviour tests, exceeds the computational service time 2.105 hours. In order to remain competitive in the new energy mix, conventional steam power plants are forced to adapt to the requirements of semi-scheduled power generation. However, these plants were not originally designed for such operation and therefore have to adapt to new demands on the timing of the power provided, including requirements to reduce overall plant emissions and to increase the efficiency of power generation. These components are now subjected to substantially increased cyclic stresses due to power changes during half-cap operation. These stresses have a major impact on the material lifetime and therefore on the overall performance and lifetime of the plant.

Article presents a novel approach to addressing the challenge of forge-free filling of gas cylinder valve knobs in the context of the pneumatic shock absorber utilized within elevator systems. The shock absorber is a critical component responsible for ensuring accurate and efficient transportation of charge material to the electric inductor of automatic hot forging presses. Precise control of the shock absorber's operation is essential for maintaining proper system functionality and minimizing deficiencies. To investigate the system's response to changes in shock absorber operating parameters, the authors conducted a comprehensive simulation. The simulation results revealed that by identifying specific and optimal operational characteristics, the level of deficiencies can be significantly reduced. These findings offer valuable insights into system behavior, facilitating the optimization of shock absorber operation and overall improvement of the hot forging process. Implementation of the optimized shock absorber operation based on the simulation outcomes can enhance productivity, cost-efficiency, and quality in the hot forging industry.

This research focuses on comparing the working accuracy of two additive manufacturing processes, Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM) and Binder Jetting (BJ). Through the analysis of key characteristics of these processes, we aim to evaluate which one yields better results in terms of working accuracy. ADAM is a process that involves the gradual deposition of metallic materials using a plastic binder, whereas BJ is a process where the binder is applied to powder material, followed by the removal of excess binder. This work conducts a detailed examination of the properties of the ADAM and BJ processes, with a focus on surface texture and microstructure of the resulting objects, the use of optimal technological parameters, and the assessment of dimensional and shape accuracy. It is also important to note that the final nature of 3D objects depends on technological parameters such as geometry, orientation, and placement of individual shape specifications. The results of this study are crucial for assessing the accuracy of these additive processes and can serve as a significant basis for selecting an optimal approach in the field of additive manufacturing.

Nowadays, the digitalization of the production process is an indispensable part of the stampings production in the pre-series stage, but also as a subsequent support for series production. Automotive producers are under pressure to comply with the ever decreasing CO2 production standards for cars, which predicates the use of modern material types with an advantageous weight-to-strength ratio. This paper focuses on the use of mathematical modelling in a numerical simulation environment to predict the deformation process and subsequent material spring-back of dual-phase steel DP500. The material data and characteristics are used to define the material computational model in numerical simulation. The results of the numerical simulations are then compared with the stamping obtained by a real pressing process, where their shape comparison and further evaluation of the used material models and selected parameters are performed.

The presented article focuses on the surface analysis of the components manufactured by different additive technologies and their reverse digitization. Sintered components were manufactured by SLM and ADAM technologies, while their surface was analyzed using a progressive optical measurement method. To examine the possibility of reverse engineering, the components were optically scanned with a laser scanner and compared to their CAD model. Based on empirical experience, to scan opti-cally the metal and lustrous surfaces is a challenge. The components were manufactured from anti-corrosion materials 17-4 PH and 316L–0407.